Dr. Gheller is a pediatric dentist in private practice, Primavera do Leste, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Dr. Porto is a periodontists in private practice, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Pediatr Dent. 2021 Mar 15;43(2):133-139.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate periodontal disease and oral biofilm in children and adolescents with cleft lip and/or palate (CLP). A total of 118 individuals aged six to 18 years, with CLP ( equals 60) and without CLP (n equals 58), were evaluated according to plaque index (PI), gingival bleeding index (BI), clinical attachment level (CAL), and probing pocket depth (PPD). Gingivitis and periodontitis were also diagnosed. Samples of subgingival oral biofilm were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted for oral microbial analysis. Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Tannerela forsythia, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Streptococcus oralis were identified and quantified by qPCR using Taqman primers and probes. PI, BI, CAL, and PPD were statistically higher in the CLP group. Gingivitis was observed in 52 percent and 29 percent (<0.001) and mild periodontitis was observed in 48 percent and 22 percent (<0.001) of the CLP and control groups, respectively. When the permanent dentition group was evaluated, a greater occurrence of mild periodontitis was observed in the CLP group (<0.001). The level of A. actinomycetemcomitans (<0.001), (<0.001), and T. forsythia (<0.001) was statistically higher in the subgingival biofilm of the CLP group. The presence of cleft lip and/or palate negatively affects oral hygiene and levels of periodontopathogens in oral biofilm. In addition, clinical and microbiological results highlight the importance of early assessment of young people with cleft lip and/or palate and the permanent dentition to prevent periodontal disease.
本研究旨在评估唇腭裂（CLP）儿童和青少年的牙周病和口腔生物膜。共评估了 118 名 6 至 18 岁的个体，包括唇腭裂（60 名）和非唇腭裂（58 名），根据菌斑指数（PI）、牙龈出血指数（BI）、临床附着水平（CAL）和探诊袋深度（PPD）进行评估。还诊断了牙龈炎和牙周炎。采集龈下口腔生物膜样本，提取基因组 DNA 进行口腔微生物分析。使用 Taqman 引物和探针通过 qPCR 鉴定和定量 A. actinomycetemcomitans、Tannerella forsythia、Porphyromonas gingivalis 和 Streptococcus oralis。CLP 组的 PI、BI、CAL 和 PPD 统计上更高。观察到 52%和 29%（<0.001）的 CLP 组和对照组分别发生牙龈炎，48%和 22%（<0.001）的 CLP 组和对照组分别发生轻度牙周炎。在恒牙列组评估时，CLP 组轻度牙周炎的发生率更高（<0.001）。CLP 组龈下生物膜中 A. actinomycetemcomitans（<0.001）、（<0.001）和 T. forsythia（<0.001）的水平统计上更高。唇腭裂的存在对口腔卫生和口腔生物膜中牙周病病原体的水平产生负面影响。此外，临床和微生物学结果强调了早期评估唇腭裂和/或腭裂以及恒牙列青少年的重要性，以预防牙周病。
