Central Mining Institute, Pl. Gwarków 1, 40-166, Katowice, Poland.
CEET, Nanotechnology Center, VŠB - TU Ostrava, 17. listopadu 15, 708 33, Ostrava, Poruba, Czech Republic.
Sci Rep. 2021 Apr 23;11(1):8851. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-88470-7.
The aim of the paper was to work out a new comprehensive methodology to monitor thermal activity at mine waste dumps. The methodology was tested through monitoring thermal phenomena occurring in the areas of extractive waste dumping facilities located in the Upper Silesian Coal Basin, Poland. Within the framework of the study, a comparative analysis of three waste dumps was performed; the first two of them, which were not previously reclaimed, are in part thermally active, whereas the third one comprises one section which was partially reclaimed and another section which is still being operated. The research objective was to observe the changes of atmospheric emissions of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) from the three selected facilities within the period of 21 months of constant monitoring. The novelty of the methodology of thermal activity monitoring at burning mine waste dumps consisted in the application advanced chemometrics methods. The collected data were analyzed by means of the Hierarchical Clustering Analysis supplemented with a color map of the experimental results. Based on the newly developed methodology, it was determined that thermal processes occur in all of the three analyzed sites. The non-reclaimed waste dumps characterize of intense thermal phenomena covering the majority of the studied area. It was also observed that the most intensive thermal activity occurs in the central sections of the dumps with temperature values reaching the level of 600 °C accompanied by high emissions of PAHs. In addition, the research results demonstrate that despite the reclamation processes, there are certain areas which still remain thermally active in one of the studied extractive waste dumps. This manifested itself by high measured concentrations of all the analyzed PAHs and locally increased surface temperatures which, however, did not exceed 200 °C; the majority of the areas of the reclaimed waste dump characterized of temperatures in the range of 20-30 °C.
本文旨在制定一种新的综合方法来监测矿山尾矿库的热活动。该方法通过监测位于波兰上西里西亚煤炭盆地的采选废物倾倒设施区域内发生的热现象进行了测试。在研究框架内，对三个尾矿库进行了比较分析；其中前两个尾矿库以前没有进行过复垦，部分处于热活动状态，而第三个尾矿库则包括部分复垦的部分和仍在运行的部分。研究目的是观察三个选定设施在 21 个月的持续监测期间大气中多环芳烃（PAHs）排放量的变化。在燃烧的矿山尾矿库热活动监测方法的创新性在于应用了先进的化学计量学方法。通过层次聚类分析并辅以实验结果的彩色地图对收集到的数据进行了分析。基于新开发的方法，确定了所有三个分析点都存在热过程。未复垦的尾矿库的特点是覆盖研究区域大部分的强烈热现象。还观察到，在温度达到 600°C 并伴有高浓度多环芳烃排放的情况下，在堆体的中心区域发生最强烈的热活动。此外，研究结果表明，尽管进行了复垦过程，但在研究的一个采选废物尾矿库中，仍有某些区域仍处于热活动状态。这表现为所有分析的多环芳烃的测量浓度都很高，并且局部表面温度升高，但不超过 200°C；复垦尾矿库的大部分区域的温度范围在 20-30°C。
