Institute of Medical Molecular Biotechnology, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Cawangan Selangor, Kampus Sungai Buloh, Jalan Hospital, 47000, Sungai Buloh, Malaysia.
Eur J Pediatr. 2021 Oct;180(10):3111-3127. doi: 10.1007/s00431-021-04085-0. Epub 2021 Apr 24.
For the past two decades, growing research has been pointing to multiple repercussions of bisphenol A (BPA) exposure to human health. BPA is a synthetic oestrogen which primarily targets the endocrine system; however, the compound also disturbs other systemic organ functions, in which the magnitude of impacts in those other systems is as comparable to those in the endocrine system. To date, the discoveries on the association between BPA and health outcomes mainly came from animal and in vitro studies, with limited human studies which emphasised on children's health. In this comprehensive review, we summarised studies on human, in vivo and in vitro models to understand the consequences of pre-, post- and perinatal BPA exposure on the perinatal, children and adult health, encompassing cardiovascular, neurodevelopmental, endocrine and reproductive effects.Conclusion: Evidence from in vitro and animal studies may provide further support and better understanding on the correlation between environmental BPA exposure and its detrimental effects in humans and child development, despite the difficulties to draw direct causal relations of BPA effects on the pathophysiology of the diseases/syndromes in children, due to differences in body system complexity between children and adults, as well as between animal and in vitro models and humans. What is known: • Very limited reviews are available on how BPA adversely affects children's health. • Previous papers mainly covered two systems in children. What is new: • Comprehensive review on the detrimental effects of BPA on children health outcomes, including expectations on adult health outcomes following perinatal BPA exposure, as well as covering a small part of BPA alternatives. • Essentially, BPA exposure during pregnancy has huge impacts on the foetus in which it may cause changes in foetal epigenetic programming, resulting in disease onsets during childhood as well as adulthood.
在过去的二十年中，越来越多的研究表明双酚 A（BPA）暴露对人类健康有多种影响。BPA 是一种合成雌激素，主要针对内分泌系统；然而，该化合物还会干扰其他系统器官的功能，其在其他系统中的影响程度与内分泌系统相当。迄今为止，关于 BPA 与健康结果之间关联的发现主要来自动物和体外研究，而关于儿童健康的人类研究有限。在本次全面综述中，我们总结了人类、体内和体外模型的研究，以了解围产期、儿童和成人期 BPA 暴露对围产期、儿童和成人健康的影响，包括心血管、神经发育、内分泌和生殖影响。结论：来自体外和动物研究的证据可能为环境 BPA 暴露与其对人类和儿童发育的有害影响之间的相关性提供进一步的支持和更好的理解，尽管由于儿童和成人之间以及动物和体外模型与人类之间的身体系统复杂性存在差异，难以直接推断 BPA 对儿童疾病/综合征的病理生理学的影响之间存在因果关系。已知情况：• 关于 BPA 如何对儿童健康产生不利影响的综述非常有限。• 以前的论文主要涵盖了儿童的两个系统。新情况：• 对 BPA 对儿童健康结果的有害影响进行了全面综述，包括对围产期 BPA 暴露后成人健康结果的预期，以及对 BPA 替代品的一小部分进行了综述。• 本质上，怀孕期间的 BPA 暴露对胎儿有巨大影响，可能导致胎儿表观遗传编程发生变化，从而导致儿童期和成年期疾病的发生。
