Department of Human and Clinical Anatomy, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman.
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Al-Khodh 123, Oman.
Curr Med Chem. 2022;29(24):4235-4250. doi: 10.2174/0929867328666211206111835.
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an industrial ubiquitous compound, frequently used to produce synthetic polymers and epoxy resins. BPA is a well-recognized endocrine disruptor and xenoestrogen compound. Evidence from epidemiological and experimental studies suggests that perinatal BPA exposure (gestation and/or lactation) increases the risk of developing various diseases, including the cardiovascular system. Developmental programming refers to environmental insults during the critical window of development that affect the structure and physiology of body systems, causing permanent changes in later stages. BPA influences the developmental programming of non-communicable diseases in the offspring. In the present review, we discuss the developmental programming of cardiovascular diseases related to perinatal exposure to BPA, supported by epidemiological and experimental evidence from published literature. The majority of the reported studies found a positive association between perinatal BPA exposure and adverse cardiovascular repercussions in the fetal, neonatal, and adulthood stages. The possible underlying mechanisms include epigenetic modifications of genes involved in cardiac muscle development, autonomic tone, collagenous and non-collagenous extracellular matrix, cardiac remodeling and calcium homeostasis, and mitochondrial energy metabolism. Epigenetics can modify the outcome of any disease. Hence, in the present review, we also discuss the role of epigenetics in preventing cardiovascular diseases following perinatal exposure to BPA. We also highlight how future treatment and drug delivery related to cardiovascular involvement could be based on epigenetic markers.
双酚 A (BPA) 是一种广泛存在于工业界的化合物，常用于生产合成聚合物和环氧树脂。BPA 是一种公认的内分泌干扰物和外源性雌激素化合物。来自流行病学和实验研究的证据表明，围产期 BPA 暴露（妊娠和/或哺乳期）会增加患各种疾病的风险，包括心血管系统疾病。发育编程是指在发育的关键窗口期暴露于环境污染物，影响身体系统的结构和生理，导致后期发生永久性变化。BPA 影响后代非传染性疾病的发育编程。在本综述中，我们讨论了围产期 BPA 暴露与心血管疾病发育编程之间的关系，这一关系得到了已发表文献中流行病学和实验证据的支持。大多数报告的研究发现，围产期 BPA 暴露与胎儿、新生儿和成年期的不良心血管后果之间存在正相关。潜在的可能机制包括涉及心肌发育、自主神经张力、胶原和非胶原细胞外基质、心脏重构和钙稳态以及线粒体能量代谢的基因的表观遗传修饰。表观遗传学可以改变任何疾病的结果。因此，在本综述中，我们还讨论了围产期接触 BPA 后通过表观遗传学预防心血管疾病的作用。我们还强调了如何基于表观遗传标记来治疗和传递与心血管疾病相关的未来药物。
