Department of Nutrition and Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
Institute for Health and Sport, Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia.
Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki). 2021 Apr 23;42(1):109-126. doi: 10.2478/prilozi-2021-0010.
Type-2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition, generally regarded as an irreversible, that is among the top 10 causes of death globally. The hallmark of T2D is hyperglycemia, which results from disturbances in insulin sensitivity, insulin secretion, β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance. Several clinical and lifestyle factors are involved in the progression of T2D, such as obesity and physical inactivity. A high-calorie diet is the main contributor to the development of obesity, which results in T2D, as obesity or increased intra-abdominal adipose tissue is related to insulin resistance. Technological advances have contributed to individuals having a more sedentary lifestyle, leading to obesity and T2D. T2D can be treated with lifestyle interventions, such as diet and exercise. Herein, we highlight the positive impact of a very low-calorie diet (VLCD) and lifestyle modalities in the treatment and prevention of T2D. An inclusion of VLCD 400-800 kcal/day for 8 weeks and ≥ 150 minutes exercise 5 times a week as lifestyle interventions can decrease glucose levels to normal, reduce HbA1c and improve insulin resistance and sensitivity. Therefore, a potential mechanism in maintaining glucose homeostasis and remission of T2D by VLCD and exercise reduces body weight.
2 型糖尿病（T2D）是一种慢性疾病，通常被认为是不可逆转的，它是全球十大死亡原因之一。T2D 的标志是高血糖，这是由于胰岛素敏感性、胰岛素分泌、β细胞功能障碍和胰岛素抵抗的紊乱引起的。一些临床和生活方式因素参与了 T2D 的进展，如肥胖和身体活动不足。高热量饮食是导致肥胖的主要原因，而肥胖又会导致 T2D，因为肥胖或腹部脂肪组织增加与胰岛素抵抗有关。技术进步导致人们的生活方式更加久坐不动，从而导致肥胖和 T2D。T2D 可以通过生活方式干预来治疗，如饮食和运动。本文重点介绍极低热量饮食（VLCD）和生活方式在 T2D 的治疗和预防中的积极影响。包括每天摄入 400-800 卡路里的 VLCD 持续 8 周，每周进行 5 次、每次至少 150 分钟的运动作为生活方式干预，可以使血糖水平恢复正常，降低 HbA1c 并改善胰岛素抵抗和敏感性。因此，VLCD 和运动通过减轻体重来维持血糖稳态和缓解 T2D 的潜在机制。
