Lavker Robert M, Kaplan Nihal, McMahon Kaylin M, Calvert Andrea E, Henrich Stephen E, Onay Ummiye V, Lu Kurt Q, Peng Han, Thaxton C Shad
Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
Ocul Surf. 2021 Jul;21:19-26. doi: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Apr 21.
Medicine has been a great beneficiary of the nanotechnology revolution. Nanotechnology involves the synthesis of functional materials with at least one size dimension between 1 and 100 nm. Advances in the field have enabled the synthesis of bio-nanoparticles that can interface with physiological systems to modulate fundamental cellular processes. One example of a diverse acting nanoparticle-based therapeutic is synthetic high-density lipoprotein (HDL) nanoparticles (NP), which have great potential for treating diseases of the ocular surface. Our group has developed a spherical HDL NP using a gold nanoparticle core. HDL NPs: (i) closely mimic the physical and chemical features of natural HDLs; (ii) contain apoA-I; (iii) bind with high-affinity to SR-B1, which is the major receptor through which HDL modulates cell cholesterol metabolism and controls the selective uptake of HDL cargo into cells; (iv) are non-toxic to cells and tissues; and (v) can be chemically engineered to display nearly any surface or core composition desired. With respect to the ocular surface, topical application of HDL NPs accelerates re-epithelization of the cornea following wounding, attenuates inflammation resulting from chemical burns and/or other stresses, and effectively delivers microRNAs with biological activity to corneal cells and tissues. HDL NPs will be the foundation of a new class of topical eye drops with great translational potential and exemplify the impact that nanoparticles can have in medicine.
医学一直是纳米技术革命的巨大受益者。纳米技术涉及合成至少一个尺寸维度在1至100纳米之间的功能材料。该领域的进展使得能够合成可与生理系统相互作用以调节基本细胞过程的生物纳米颗粒。基于纳米颗粒的多种作用疗法的一个例子是合成高密度脂蛋白（HDL）纳米颗粒（NP），其在治疗眼表疾病方面具有巨大潜力。我们的研究小组使用金纳米颗粒核心开发了一种球形HDL NP。HDL NPs：（i）紧密模拟天然HDL的物理和化学特征；（ii）含有载脂蛋白A-I；（iii）与SR-B1具有高亲和力结合，SR-B1是HDL调节细胞胆固醇代谢并控制HDL货物选择性摄取到细胞中的主要受体；（iv）对细胞和组织无毒；（v）可以进行化学工程改造以展示几乎任何所需的表面或核心组成。关于眼表，局部应用HDL NPs可加速受伤后角膜的重新上皮化，减轻化学烧伤和/或其他应激引起的炎症，并有效地将具有生物活性的微小RNA递送至角膜细胞和组织。HDL NPs将成为一类具有巨大转化潜力的新型局部眼药水的基础，并例证了纳米颗粒在医学中可能产生的影响。
