Department of Pediatrics, Vittore Buzzi Children's Hospital, Università di Milano, 32, Via Castelvetro, 20154, Milan, Italy.
International Center for the Assessment of Nutritional Status (ICANS), Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università di Milano, Milan, Italy.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Apr 24;21(1):794. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10848-z.
To evaluate nutritional status of children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija.
We conducted an observational cross-sectional, population-based study, enrolling children and adolescents who underwent a pediatric screening performed in the three Serbian enclaves of Gračanica, Gornje Kusce and Velika Hoča in Kosovo and Metohija. Children and adolescents (5-19 years) of all ethnic groups were evaluated in one of the three free outpatient medical facilities in rural villages in Kosovo. Body weight and height were measured, height-for-age z- scores (HAZ) and BMI-for-age z-scores (BAZ) indicators were analyzed. The anthropometric indicators HAZ and BAZ distributions were compared between sex and ages using Fisher's exact test. A two-sample Z-test for proportions was used to detect differences in individual categories of height- and BMI-for-age categories across sexes and age classes.
Three hundred twenty-eight children and adolescents (184 females, 56.1% and 144 males, 43.9%) aged between 5 and 19 years were enrolled in the study. 241/328 participants showed a normal linear growth; with significantly more girls (78.3%) than boys (67.4%) being in the normal category. Similarly, a significant difference in BAZ distribution between sexes was noted, with more females being in the normal BMI category compared to males (63.0% vs 50.0%, respectively). Underweight and severe underweight subjects showed a prevalence of 1.5 and 0.6%, respectively. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 19.5 and 9.1%, respectively, which was comparable to World Health Organization overweight and obesity prevalence data for Serbia.
Prevalence of undernutrition and severe undernutrition in children and adolescents living in three Serbian enclaves in Kosovo and Metohija is small. By contrast, a tendency to an increase in overweight and obesity, especially in the male population, was noted.
评估生活在科索沃和梅托希亚三个塞尔维亚飞地的儿童和青少年的营养状况。
我们进行了一项观察性的横断面、基于人群的研究，招募了在科索沃和梅托希亚的格拉查尼察、戈纳耶切和韦利卡霍查三个塞尔维亚飞地接受儿科筛查的儿童和青少年。来自所有族裔群体的 5-19 岁儿童和青少年在科索沃农村村庄的三家免费门诊医疗机构之一接受评估。测量体重和身高，分析身高年龄 z 评分（HAZ）和体重指数年龄 z 评分（BAZ）指标。使用 Fisher 精确检验比较男女和年龄的身高和 BMI 年龄 z 评分分布。使用两样本 Z 检验比例来检测男女和年龄类别之间的身高和 BMI 年龄类别个体类别的差异。
共纳入 328 名 5-19 岁的儿童和青少年（184 名女性，占 56.1%；144 名男性，占 43.9%）。241/328 名参与者显示出正常的线性生长；女孩（78.3%）明显多于男孩（67.4%）处于正常类别。同样，男女之间 BAZ 分布存在显著差异，女性正常 BMI 类别比例高于男性（分别为 63.0%和 50.0%）。体重不足和严重体重不足的患者患病率分别为 1.5%和 0.6%。超重和肥胖的患病率分别为 19.5%和 9.1%，与塞尔维亚世界卫生组织超重和肥胖患病率数据相当。
生活在科索沃和梅托希亚三个塞尔维亚飞地的儿童和青少年的营养不良和严重营养不良患病率较小。相比之下，超重和肥胖的患病率呈上升趋势，尤其是在男性人群中。
