Hoffman Daniel, Cacciola Thomas, Barrios Pamela, Simon James
Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, USA.
New Jersey Institute for Food, Nutrition, and Health, Center for Childhood Nutrition Education and Research, Program in International Nutrition, Rutgers University, 61 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
J Health Popul Nutr. 2017 Jun 5;36(1):27. doi: 10.1186/s41043-017-0095-z.
The prevalence of undernutrition is decreasing in many parts of the developing world, but challenges remain in many countries. The objective of this study was to determine factors influencing childhood nutrition status in Kenya and Zambia. The objective of this study is to determine factors associated with temporal changes in childhood nutritional status in two countries in sub-Saharan Africa.
Data from national demographic and health surveys from the World Bank for Kenya (1998-2009) and Zambia (1996-2014) were used to select the youngest child of each household with complete data for all variables studied. Multiple linear regression analyses were used for data from 2902 and 11,335 children from Kenya and Zambia, respectively, in each year to determine the relationship between social and economic factors and measures of nutritional status, including wasting, stunting, and overweight.
There was a decreased prevalence of stunting (35% in Kenya and 40% in Zambia), while the prevalence of wasting was unchanged (6-8% in both countries). From 1998 to 2009, there was a protective effect against stunting for wealthier families and households with electricity, for both countries. Finally, better educated mothers were less likely to have stunted children and girls were less likely to be stunted than boys.
Based on the data analyzed, there was a higher risk of stunting in both Kenya and Zambia, for those with lower literacy, less education, no electricity, living in rural areas, no formal toilet, no car ownership, and those with an overall lower wealth index. Improving the education of mothers was also a significant determinant in improving the nutritional status of children in Kenya and Zambia. More broad-based efforts to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition need to focus on reducing the prevalence of undernutrition without promoting excess weight gain. Future economic advances need to consider integrated approaches to improving economic standings of households without increasing the risk for overnutrition.
在发展中世界的许多地区，营养不良的患病率正在下降，但许多国家仍面临挑战。本研究的目的是确定影响肯尼亚和赞比亚儿童营养状况的因素。本研究的目的是确定与撒哈拉以南非洲两个国家儿童营养状况随时间变化相关的因素。
使用世界银行提供的肯尼亚（1998 - 2009年）和赞比亚（1996 - 2014年）全国人口与健康调查数据，选取每户中所有研究变量数据完整的最小孩子。每年分别对来自肯尼亚的2902名儿童和赞比亚的11335名儿童的数据进行多元线性回归分析，以确定社会经济因素与营养状况指标（包括消瘦、发育迟缓及超重）之间的关系。
发育迟缓的患病率有所下降（肯尼亚为35%，赞比亚为40%），而消瘦的患病率未变（两国均为6 - 8%）。1998年至2009年期间，对于两国来说，较富裕家庭以及通电家庭对发育迟缓有预防作用。最后，受教育程度较高的母亲生育发育迟缓儿童的可能性较小，且女孩比男孩发育迟缓的可能性更小。
根据分析的数据，在肯尼亚和赞比亚，识字率较低、受教育程度较低、不通电、居住在农村地区、没有正规厕所、没有汽车且总体财富指数较低的人群发育迟缓风险较高。提高母亲的教育水平也是改善肯尼亚和赞比亚儿童营养状况的一个重要决定因素。更广泛的减少营养不良患病率的努力需要专注于在不促进体重过度增加的情况下降低营养不良的患病率。未来的经济发展需要考虑采用综合方法来提高家庭经济地位，同时不增加营养过剩的风险。
