NYU School of Global Public Health, New York University, 726 Broadway, New York, NY, 10012, USA.
Ukrainian Foundation for Public Health, Kiev, Ukraine.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Apr 24;21(1):789. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10830-9.
Since 2014, over 1.6 million people have been forcibly displaced by the conflict in eastern Ukraine. In 2014, 8% of reproductive-aged women in Ukraine had ever experienced sexual violence, compared to 5% in 2007. This increase was driven by non-domestic sexual violence. Our study examined characteristics of women in eastern Ukraine receiving psychosocial services following sexual violence compared to survivors of other forms of gender-based violence.
Intake data collected between February 2016 and June 2017 by psychosocial service providers in five conflict-affected areas of Ukraine from women, aged 15-49, (N = 8525), was analyzed. Descriptive analysis and covariate adjusted logistic and negative binomial regressions were used to identify socioeconomic, incident and access to services factors associated with having experienced sexual violence compared to other forms of violence.
Among this sample of survivors receiving psychosocial services, 2.6% (n = 220) reported experiencing sexual violence. A majority of sexual violence acts reported were committed by non-domestic perpetrators (61.4%); followed by intimate partners (25.9%). Almost half of sexual violence cases occurred at home (49.1%). Experiencing sexual violence was positively associated with being younger, single and internally displaced, and negatively with engaging in unpaid labor, such as childcare. Women who experienced sexual violence delayed seeking care by 4 days compared to other gender-based violence survivors. Sexual violence survivors were less likely than physical violence survivors to have reported the incident prior to receiving care (adjusted odds ratio = 0.39; 95% confidence interval = 0.28-0.54).
Non-domestic and intimate partner sexual violence were both prevalent in our sample. Compared to survivors disclosing other types of gender-based violence, sexual violence survivors appear to face unique barriers to reporting and accessing timely care. Prevention and outreach programs tailored to the specific vulnerabilities, such as displacement status, and needs of sexual violence survivors in conflict settings are urgently needed.
自 2014 年以来，超过 160 万人因乌克兰东部的冲突而被迫流离失所。2014 年，乌克兰有 8%的育龄妇女曾遭受过性暴力，而 2007 年这一比例为 5%。这一增长是由非家庭性暴力造成的。我们的研究调查了在乌克兰东部接受性暴力后接受心理社会服务的妇女的特征，与其他形式的性别暴力幸存者进行了比较。
2016 年 2 月至 2017 年 6 月，乌克兰五个受冲突影响地区的心理社会服务提供者从 15-49 岁的妇女（N=8525）那里收集了入组数据。采用描述性分析和协变量调整的逻辑回归和负二项回归，确定与经历性暴力相比，与其他形式暴力相关的社会经济、事件和获得服务因素。
在接受心理社会服务的幸存者样本中，有 2.6%（n=220）报告经历过性暴力。报告的大多数性暴力行为是由非家庭施害者（61.4%）实施的；其次是亲密伴侣（25.9%）。近一半的性暴力案件发生在家里（49.1%）。经历性暴力与年龄较小、单身和境内流离失所呈正相关，与从事无报酬劳动（如照顾儿童）呈负相关。与其他性别暴力幸存者相比，经历性暴力的妇女寻求护理的时间延迟了 4 天。与身体暴力幸存者相比，性暴力幸存者在接受护理之前报告事件的可能性较小（调整后的优势比=0.39；95%置信区间=0.28-0.54）。
非家庭和亲密伴侣性暴力在我们的样本中都很普遍。与披露其他类型性别暴力的幸存者相比，性暴力幸存者似乎在报告和及时获得护理方面面临独特的障碍。迫切需要针对性暴力幸存者在冲突环境下的特定脆弱性，如流离失所状况和需求，量身定制预防和外联方案。
