Njiokiktjien C, Valk J, Ramaekers G
Department of Pediatric Neurology, Free University Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Brain Dev. 1988;10(2):92-9. doi: 10.1016/s0387-7604(88)80078-0.
Anomalies of the corpus callosum (CC) in children can be subdivided into two main categories: Malformations (also known as dysgenesis) and damage to a previously well-formed callosum. Pre- or perinatally acquired damage may have a mainly vascular, obstructive or hypoxic-ischemic etiology, whereas endotoxins and exotoxins might also play a role. Early postnatally acquired CC damage in children is mostly of vascular or traumatic origin. In some instances the CC is thinned after chronic pressure (e.g. in hydrocephalics). Nineteen of fifty children with psychomotor retardation had CC anomalies, most of them suggestive of acquired damage. Mild forms of CC anomalies are visible with MRI, but might be missed with a CT-scan. Children with acquired CC anomalies have signs of supposed Interhemispheric Disconnection (ID), which is partly responsible for their clinical syndrome of mental and motor retardation. The likelihood of finding a CC anomaly in a child seems to be enhanced by the predictive use of neuropsychological tasks indicative for ID.
儿童胼胝体（CC）异常可分为两大类：畸形（也称为发育不全）和先前发育正常的胼胝体损伤。产前或围产期获得性损伤可能主要由血管、阻塞性或缺氧缺血性病因引起，而内毒素和外毒素也可能起作用。儿童出生后早期获得性CC损伤大多源于血管或创伤。在某些情况下，慢性压力（如脑积水患者）后CC会变薄。50名精神运动发育迟缓儿童中有19名存在CC异常，其中大多数提示为获得性损伤。轻度CC异常在MRI上可见，但CT扫描可能会漏诊。获得性CC异常的儿童有假定的半球间分离（ID）体征，这部分导致了他们智力和运动发育迟缓的临床综合征。通过使用指示ID的神经心理学任务进行预测，似乎会增加在儿童中发现CC异常的可能性。
