Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, P.O. Box 100165, 32610-0165, Gainesville, FL, USA.
Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Centre for Cognition, Radboud University, Thomas van Aquinostraat 4, 6525 GD, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
Neuropsychol Rev. 2022 Jun;32(2):228-246. doi: 10.1007/s11065-021-09504-5. Epub 2021 Apr 25.
The literature on repetition priming in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is inconsistent, with some findings supporting spared priming while others do not. Several factors may explain these inconsistencies, including AD severity (e.g., dementia vs. Mild Cognitive Impairment; MCI) and priming paradigm-related characteristics. This systematic review and meta-analysis provides a quantitative summary of repetition priming in AD. We examined the between-group standard mean difference comparing repetition priming in AD dementia or amnestic MCI (aMCI; presumably due to AD) to controls. Thirty-two studies were selected, including 590 individuals with AD dementia, 267 individuals with amnestic MCI, and 703 controls. Our results indicated that both individuals with aMCI and AD dementia perform worse on repetition priming tasks than cognitively older adults. Paradigm-related moderators suggested that the effect size between studies comparing the combined aMCI or AD dementia group to cognitively healthy older adults was the highest for paradigms that required participants to produce, rather than identify, primes during the test phase. Our results further suggested that priming in AD is impaired for both conceptual and perceptual priming tasks. Lastly, while our results suggested that priming in AD is impaired for priming tasks that require deep processing, we were unable to draw firm conclusions about whether priming is less impaired in aMCI or AD dementia for paradigms that require shallow processing.
关于阿尔茨海默病（AD）中的重复启动的文献不一致，有些研究结果支持启动被保留，而有些则不支持。有几个因素可以解释这些不一致，包括 AD 的严重程度（例如痴呆与轻度认知障碍；MCI）和启动范式相关的特征。本系统评价和荟萃分析提供了 AD 中重复启动的定量总结。我们检查了比较 AD 痴呆或遗忘型 MCI（可能由 AD 引起）与对照组之间的组间标准均数差异。选择了 32 项研究，包括 590 名 AD 痴呆患者、267 名遗忘型 MCI 患者和 703 名对照组。我们的结果表明，遗忘型 MCI 和 AD 痴呆患者在重复启动任务中的表现均比认知较年长的成年人差。与研究比较的范式相关的调节因素表明，在需要参与者在测试阶段产生而不是识别启动的范式中，比较联合遗忘型 MCI 或 AD 痴呆组与认知健康老年人的研究之间的效应大小最高。我们的结果进一步表明，AD 中的启动对于概念和感知启动任务都受到损害。最后，虽然我们的结果表明 AD 中的启动对于需要深度处理的启动任务受损，但我们无法确定对于需要浅层处理的范式，遗忘型 MCI 或 AD 痴呆中的启动是否受损较小。
