National Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research); Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology; National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China; WHO Collaborating Centre for Tropical Diseases; National Center for International Research on Tropical Diseases; Shanghai; China.
The School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Parasitology. 2021 Aug;148(9):1019-1029. doi: 10.1017/S0031182021000688. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato (s.l.) is a zoonotic parasite that causes cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans. However, E. granulosus sensu stricto (s.s.) is considered the predominant species in CE infections worldwide. According to the population genetic diversity and structure of E. granulosus s.l., gene flow can explain the parasite drift among the neighbouring countries of Pakistan. The mitochondrial (mt) co1 (n = 47), nadh1 (n = 37) and cytb (n = 35) nucleotide sequences of E. granulosus s.l. isolates from Pakistan, Iran, China and India were retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information database to determine the genealogical relationships. The sequences were grouped as the mt-co1 (genotypes G1 and G3, G6-G7), mt-cytb (genotypes G1 and G3), and mt-nadh1(genotypes G1 and G3). The data were analysed using bioinformatic tools. A total of 19 polymorphic sites for the mt-co1 sequence (374 bp) were observed of which 31.6% (6/19) were parsimony-informative sites. Unique singleton haplotypes within the E. granulosus s.s. haplotype network based on the mt-co1 gene were highly prevalent (68.4%; 13/19) in Pakistani isolates followed by Chinese, Indian and Iranian isolates; four polymorphic sites were detected in the E. canadensis (G6/G7). In E. canadensis mt-co1 haplotype network, 75% (3/4) unique singleton haplotypes were from the Iranian isolates. Twelve polymorphic sites were found using the mt-cytb sequence (547 bp); 25% (3/12) were parsimony-informative and there were 66.7% (8/12) unique singleton haplotypes within the mt-cytb haplotype network in E. granulosus s.s. with the most reported from Pakistan followed by Iran and China. 20 polymorphic sites were detected in E. granulosus s.s. mt-nadh1 sequences (743 bp); 20% (4/20) were parsimony-informative. There were 66.7% (8/12) main single haplotypes within the mt-nadh1 haplotype network, with the most reported from Pakistan followed by that from India, Iran and China. The sequence analyses show low nucleotide diversity and high haplotype diversity in general.
细粒棘球绦虫（Echinococcus granulosus）广义种（s.l.）是一种人畜共患寄生虫，可引起人体包虫病（CE）。然而，细粒棘球绦虫狭义种（s.s.）被认为是全球 CE 感染的主要种。根据细粒棘球绦虫广义种的种群遗传多样性和结构，基因流可以解释巴基斯坦邻国之间寄生虫的漂移。从国家生物技术信息中心数据库中检索了来自巴基斯坦、伊朗、中国和印度的细粒棘球绦虫 s.l.分离株的线粒体（mt）co1（n = 47）、nadh1（n = 37）和 cytb（n = 35）核苷酸序列，以确定系统发育关系。将序列分为 mt-co1（基因型 G1 和 G3、G6-G7）、mt-cytb（基因型 G1 和 G3）和 mt-nadh1（基因型 G1 和 G3）。使用生物信息学工具分析数据。在 mt-co1 序列（374 bp）中观察到 19 个多态性位点，其中 31.6%（6/19）为简约信息位点。基于 mt-co1 基因的细粒棘球绦虫狭义种单倍型网络内的独特单倍型高度普遍（68.4%；13/19），巴基斯坦分离株随后是中国、印度和伊朗分离株；在 E. canadensis（G6/G7）中检测到 4 个多态性位点。在 E. canadensis mt-co1 单倍型网络中，75%（3/4）独特的单倍型来自伊朗分离株。在 mt-cytb 序列（547 bp）中发现 12 个多态性位点；25%（3/12）为简约信息，在 mt-cytb 单倍型网络中存在 66.7%（8/12）独特的单倍型，以巴基斯坦随后是伊朗和中国报道最多。在 E. granulosus s.s. mt-nadh1 序列（743 bp）中检测到 20 个多态性位点；20%（4/20）为简约信息。在 mt-nadh1 单倍型网络中存在 66.7%（8/12）的主要单倍型，以巴基斯坦随后是印度、伊朗和中国报道最多。序列分析显示核苷酸多样性低，单倍型多样性高。
