School of Food Technology and Biological Science, Hanshan Normal University, Chaozhou 521041, China.
Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition, College of Food science and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Deep Processing of Rice and Byproducts, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha 410004, China.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Apr 8;2021:5542342. doi: 10.1155/2021/5542342. eCollection 2021.
Dietary fiber has a long history in the intervention study of hyperlipidemia. In this review, current understandings of structures, sources, and natures of various kinds of dietary fibers (DFs) were analyzed first. Available evidences for the use of different varieties of DFs in the lipid-lowering action both and were subsequently classified, including both soluble ones, such as glucans, pectins, and gums, and insoluble ones, including arabinooxylans and chitosans, in order to draw a primary conclusion of their dose and molecular weight relationship with lipid-lowering effect. Their potential mechanisms, especially the related molecular mechanism of protective action in the treatment and prevention of hyperlipidemia, were summarized at last. Five major mechanisms are believed to be responsible for the antihyperlipidemic benefits of DFs, including low levels of energy, bulking effect, viscosity, binding capacity, and fermentation thus ameliorating the symptoms of hyperlipidemia. From the molecular level, DFs could possibly affect the activities of HMG-CoA reductase, LDL receptors, CYP7A1, and MAPK signaling pathway as well as other lipid metabolism-related target genes. In summary, dietary fibers could be used as alternative supplements to exert certain lipid-lowering effects on humans. However, more clinical evidence is needed to strengthen this proposal and its fully underlying mechanism still requires more investigation.
膳食纤维在高血脂症的干预研究中有着悠久的历史。在这篇综述中，首先分析了各种膳食纤维（DFs）的结构、来源和性质的现有认识。随后，对不同种类的 DFs 在降脂作用中的应用进行了分类，包括可溶性膳食纤维，如葡聚糖、果胶和树胶，以及不溶性膳食纤维，如阿拉伯木聚糖和壳聚糖，以便初步得出它们与降脂效果的剂量和分子量关系的结论。最后总结了它们的潜在机制，特别是在治疗和预防高血脂症方面的保护作用的相关分子机制。有五种主要机制被认为是膳食纤维具有抗高血脂益处的原因，包括低能量水平、膨胀作用、粘性、结合能力和发酵，从而改善高血脂症的症状。从分子水平上看，DFs 可能影响 HMG-CoA 还原酶、LDL 受体、CYP7A1 和 MAPK 信号通路以及其他与脂质代谢相关的靶基因的活性。总之，膳食纤维可以作为替代补充剂，对人体发挥一定的降脂作用。然而，需要更多的临床证据来加强这一建议，其完全潜在的机制仍需要更多的研究。
