Wondmieneh Adam, Gedefaw Getnet, Getie Addisu, Demis Asmamaw
Department of Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Department of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Woldia University, P.O. Box 400, Woldia, Ethiopia.
Int J Hypertens. 2021 Apr 9;2021:5582547. doi: 10.1155/2021/5582547. eCollection 2021.
Hypertension is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in developing countries including Ethiopia. Self-care practice has been provided as one of the most important preventive mechanisms of hypertension and is considered as a basic treatment for hypertension. There is no national-level study that assesses hypertensive self-care practice in Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the pooled level of hypertensive self-care practices and associated factors in Ethiopia.
This study was carried out using published and unpublished articles accessed from databases: PubMed/MEDLINE, HENARI, Google Scholar, Web of Science, Scopus, African Journals, and university repositories. Data were extracted using a standard data extraction format. Data analysis was carried out using STATA version 11. Heterogeneity across the included studies was assessed using Cochrane's Q statistics and test with its corresponding values. Publication bias was determined using Egger's test and presented with a funnel plot. The pooled level of hypertensive self-care practice was estimated using a random-effects meta-analysis model.
This systematic review included 17 cross-sectional studies with 5,248 study participants. The overall pooled level of self-care practice among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia was 41.55% (95% CI 33.06, 50.05). Participant formal education (AOR = 2.82; 95% CI 2.18, 3.64) and good knowledge of hypertension (AOR = 4.04; 95% CI 2.19, 7.44) were significantly associated with self-care practice among hypertensive patients in Ethiopia.
In this study, more than half of hypertensive patients had poor hypertensive self-care practice in Ethiopia. Participant's formal education and good knowledge of hypertension were significantly associated with self-care practice among people living with hypertension in Ethiopia. Therefore, based on the evidence of this study, we recommended that programmers and policymakers should enhance the awareness of hypertensive patients on self-care practice domains and strengthen local programs working on noncommunicable diseases.
高血压是包括埃塞俄比亚在内的发展中国家发病和死亡的主要原因之一。自我护理实践已被视为高血压最重要的预防机制之一，也是高血压的一种基本治疗方法。埃塞俄比亚尚无评估高血压自我护理实践的国家级研究。因此，本研究旨在评估埃塞俄比亚高血压自我护理实践的综合水平及相关因素。
本研究使用从以下数据库获取的已发表和未发表文章：PubMed/MEDLINE、HENARI、谷歌学术、科学网、Scopus、非洲期刊以及大学知识库。数据采用标准数据提取格式进行提取。使用STATA 11版进行数据分析。采用Cochrane's Q统计量和检验及其相应的P值评估纳入研究之间的异质性。使用Egger检验确定发表偏倚，并绘制漏斗图呈现。采用随机效应荟萃分析模型估计高血压自我护理实践的综合水平。
本系统评价纳入了17项横断面研究，共5248名研究参与者。埃塞俄比亚高血压患者自我护理实践的总体综合水平为41.55%（95%可信区间33.06，50.05）。参与者的正规教育程度（比值比=2.82；95%可信区间2.18，3.64）和对高血压的良好认知（比值比=4.04；95%可信区间2.19，7.44）与埃塞俄比亚高血压患者的自我护理实践显著相关。
在本研究中，埃塞俄比亚超过一半的高血压患者高血压自我护理实践较差。参与者的正规教育程度和对高血压的良好认知与埃塞俄比亚高血压患者的自我护理实践显著相关。因此，基于本研究的证据，我们建议项目规划者和政策制定者应提高高血压患者对自我护理实践领域的认识，并加强针对非传染性疾病的地方项目。
