Cousins Fiona L, Pandoy Ronald, Jin Shiying, Gargett Caroline E
The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Apr 9;9:640319. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.640319. eCollection 2021.
The human endometrium undergoes approximately 450 cycles of proliferation, differentiation, shedding and regeneration over a woman's reproductive lifetime. The regenerative capacity of the endometrium is attributed to stem/progenitor cells residing in the basalis layer of the tissue. Mesenchymal stem cells have been extensively studied in the endometrium, whereas endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells have remained more elusive. This review details the discovery of human and mouse endometrial epithelial stem/progenitor cells. It highlights recent significant developments identifying putative markers of these epithelial stem/progenitor cells that reveal their identity, location in both human and mouse endometrium, raising common but also different viewpoints. The review also outlines the techniques used to identify epithelial stem/progenitor cells, specifically functional assays and lineage tracing. We will also discuss their known interactions and hierarchy and known roles in endometrial dynamics across the menstrual or estrous cycle including re-epithelialization at menses and regeneration of the tissue during the proliferative phase. We also detail their potential role in endometrial proliferative disorders such as endometriosis.
在女性的生殖生命周期中，人类子宫内膜会经历约450个增殖、分化、脱落和再生周期。子宫内膜的再生能力归因于位于该组织基底层的干/祖细胞。间充质干细胞已在子宫内膜中得到广泛研究，而子宫内膜上皮干/祖细胞却一直更难捉摸。本综述详细介绍了人和小鼠子宫内膜上皮干/祖细胞的发现。它突出了近期的重大进展，即确定了这些上皮干/祖细胞的假定标志物，这些标志物揭示了它们在人和小鼠子宫内膜中的身份、位置，引发了一些共同但也不同的观点。该综述还概述了用于鉴定上皮干/祖细胞的技术，特别是功能测定和谱系追踪。我们还将讨论它们已知的相互作用和层级关系，以及在整个月经周期或发情周期中子宫内膜动态变化中的已知作用，包括月经期间的重新上皮化以及增殖期组织的再生。我们还详细阐述了它们在子宫内膜增生性疾病如子宫内膜异位症中的潜在作用。
