Magnesium Sulfate: an adjunctive therapy in the first hour of management of rapid atrial fibrillation in the emergency department.

INTRODUCTION

Rapid Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia in emergency department (ED) that requires an urgent control of ventricular rate.

AIM

To evaluate the safety and efficiency of magnesium sulfate as an adjunctive therapy in addition to usual care for rapid AF in emergency department.

METHODS

This was a prospective, randomized, double-blind study. We included patients who presented to ED with rapid AF >110 batt/min. Group A received 3g of magnesium in 100mL of glucose solution and group B received 100 ml of glucose solution. Primary endpoint was slowing the ventricular rates to less than 110 beats/ min in the first 12 hours of management.

RESULTS

One hundred and three patients were included. Fifty-three patients in group A with a mean heart rate of 146 ± 18 beats / min and fifty patients in group B with a mean heart rate of 143 ± 17 beats / min. A significantly greater number of patients slowed down their ventricular rate in group A during the first hour of management (p = 0.02). After 12 hours, mean heart rate was significantly lower in group A (p = 0.04).

CONCLUSION

The use of 3 g of magnesium sulfate slowed down the ventricular rate of a larger number of patients with rapid AF in the first hour of management. Only minor adverse effects were registered.