The contribution of individual mental health and socioeconomic status to the evolution of elderly patients with chronic heart failure.

AIM

The purpose of this article is to assess the impact of comorbid depression on the outcome of elderly patients diagnosed with chronic heart failure (CHF).

METHODS

We conducted a prospective analysis of the outcomes of 251 patients, hospitalized throughout 2019 for an exacerbation of CHF. The sample was divided into two groups: group A - 153 patients with major depressive disorder (MDD); group B - 98 patients without clinical depression. We analyzed the associations between socioeconomic status (SES) and the severity of depressive symptoms, pharmacotherapy, readmission, and mortality rates within 30 days and at one year. We classified patients' SES according to residence, income, education level, and family support. Quality of Life (QL) total scores were also assessed. The severity of mental health complaints was evaluated using the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Ratings (MADRS) scale; individual somatic evaluation included the analysis of the alteration of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), as well as details regarding pharmacotherapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and beta-blockers (BB).

RESULTS

The patient sample appeared uniform in terms of SES and CHF pharmacotherapy. The main differences were the presence of comorbid MDD, with 60.91% of patients having clinical depression. These patients also reported a lower QL, reduced LVEF, more frequent, and extended hospitalizations with an overall higher one-year mortality than patients without MDD.

DISCUSSION

Although depression is considered a risk factor for adverse outcomes in older adults with CHF, in our research, its impact was significantly associated with a reduced QL, but the association with a lower SES was inconclusive.

CONCLUSIONS

MDD is a frequent comorbidity in patients with CHF, and is associated with a reduced LVEF and QL. Our results showed that, despite a similar therapeutic regimen, patients with comorbid MDD required more frequent, prolonged admissions and higher one-year mortality rates than those without MDD.