Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth), 6431 Fannin Street, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, 6767 Bertner Avenue, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
Curr Opin Microbiol. 2021 Jun;61:99-106. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2021.03.008. Epub 2021 Apr 23.
The Gram-negative bacterial cell envelope is a complex structure and its homeostasis is essential for bacterial survival. Envelope stress responses (ESRs) are signal transduction pathways that monitor the fidelity of envelope assembly during normal growth and also detect and repair envelope damage caused by external assaults, including immune factors, protein toxins, and antibiotics. In this review, we focus on three best-studied ESRs and discuss the mechanisms by which ESRs detect various perturbations of envelope assembly and integrity and regulate envelope remodeling to promote bacterial survival. We will highlight the complex relationship of ESRs with envelope biogenesis pathways and discuss some of the challenges in this field on the road to mapping the global regulatory network of envelope homeostasis.
革兰氏阴性菌的细胞包膜是一个复杂的结构，其维持自身的稳定对于细菌的生存至关重要。包膜应激反应（Envelope stress responses，ESRs）是一种信号转导通路，它可以监测在正常生长过程中包膜组装的准确性，还可以检测并修复由外部攻击（包括免疫因子、蛋白毒素和抗生素）引起的包膜损伤。在这篇综述中，我们重点介绍了三种研究最为广泛的 ESR，并讨论了它们检测到各种包膜组装和完整性扰动以及调节包膜重塑以促进细菌存活的机制。我们将强调 ESR 与包膜生物发生途径之间的复杂关系，并讨论在绘制包膜稳态的全局调控网络的道路上该领域的一些挑战。
