School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, UK.
School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Nov 27;22(23):12831. doi: 10.3390/ijms222312831.
Bacteria must maintain the ability to modify and repair the peptidoglycan layer without jeopardising its essential functions in cell shape, cellular integrity and intermolecular interactions. A range of new experimental techniques is bringing an advanced understanding of how bacteria regulate and achieve peptidoglycan synthesis, particularly in respect of the central role played by complexes of Sporulation, Elongation or Division (SEDs) and class B penicillin-binding proteins required for cell division, growth and shape. In this review we highlight relationships implicated by a bioinformatic approach between the outer membrane, cytoskeletal components, periplasmic control proteins, and cell elongation/division proteins to provide further perspective on the interactions of these cell division, growth and shape complexes. We detail the network of protein interactions that assist in the formation of peptidoglycan and highlight the increasingly dynamic and connected set of protein machinery and macrostructures that assist in creating the cell envelope layers in Gram-negative bacteria.
细菌必须保持修饰和修复肽聚糖层的能力，同时又不危及细胞形状、细胞完整性和分子间相互作用等基本功能。一系列新的实验技术使我们能够更深入地了解细菌如何调节和实现肽聚糖的合成，特别是涉及到芽殖、延伸或分裂（SED）复合物和参与细胞分裂、生长和形状的 B 类青霉素结合蛋白在其中发挥的核心作用。在这篇综述中，我们通过生物信息学方法强调了外膜、细胞骨架成分、周质调控蛋白和细胞伸长/分裂蛋白之间的关系，从而进一步了解这些细胞分裂、生长和形状复合物的相互作用。我们详细描述了有助于肽聚糖形成的蛋白质相互作用网络，并强调了越来越动态和相互关联的蛋白质机器和宏观结构，这些结构有助于形成革兰氏阴性细菌的细胞包膜层。
