The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
The Life Science Center-Biology, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, SE-701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Sep 1;284:117091. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117091. Epub 2021 Apr 12.
1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)-cyclohexane (DBE-DBCH) is a brominated flame retardant used in commercial and industrial applications. The use of DBE-DBCH containing products has resulted in an increased release into the environment. However, limited information is available on the long-term effects of DBE-DBCH and its effects in aquatic invertebrates. Thus, the present study was aimed at determining how DBE-DBCH diastereomers (αβ and γδ) affects aquatic invertebrates using Daphnia magna as a model organism. Survival, reproduction, feeding, swimming behavior and toxicogenomic responses to environmental relevant concentrations of DBE-DBCH were analyzed. Chronic exposure to DBE-DBCH resulted in decreased lifespan, and reduced fecundity. Expression of genes involved in reproductive processes, vtg1 and jhe, were also inhibited. DBE-DBCH also induced hypoxia by inhibiting the transcription of genes involved in heme biosynthesis and oxygen transport. Furthermore, DBE-DBCH also inhibited feeding resulting in emptiness of the alimentary canal. Increased expression of the stress response biomarkers was observed following DBE-DBCH exposure. In addition, DBE-DBCH diastereomers also altered the swimming behavior of Daphnia magna. The present study demonstrates that DBE-DBCH cause multiple deleterious effects on Daphnia magna, including effects on reproduction and hormonal systems. These endocrine disrupting effects are in agreement with effects observed on vertebrates. Furthermore, as is the case in vertebrates, DBE-DBCH γδ exerted stronger effects than DBE-DBCH αβ on Daphnia magna. This indicate that DBE-DBCH γδ has properties making it more toxic to all so far studied animals than DBE-DBCH αβ.
1,2-二溴-4-(1,2-二溴乙基)-环己烷（DBE-DBCH）是一种用于商业和工业应用的溴化阻燃剂。含有 DBE-DBCH 的产品的使用导致其在环境中的释放增加。然而，关于 DBE-DBCH 的长期影响及其对水生无脊椎动物的影响的信息有限。因此，本研究旨在确定 DBE-DBCH 对萼体（αβ 和 γδ）如何影响水生无脊椎动物，以大型溞（Daphnia magna）为模型生物。分析了对环境相关浓度的 DBE-DBCH 的生存、繁殖、摄食、游泳行为和毒理基因组响应。慢性暴露于 DBE-DBCH 导致寿命缩短和繁殖力降低。参与生殖过程的基因 vtg1 和 jhe 的表达也受到抑制。DBE-DBCH 通过抑制血红素生物合成和氧气转运相关基因的转录也会引起缺氧。此外，DBE-DBCH 还抑制摄食，导致肠道空虚。DBE-DBCH 暴露后观察到应激反应生物标志物的表达增加。此外，DBE-DBCH 对映体也改变了大型溞的游泳行为。本研究表明，DBE-DBCH 对大型溞造成多种有害影响，包括对生殖和激素系统的影响。这些内分泌干扰效应与在脊椎动物中观察到的效应一致。此外，与脊椎动物一样，DBE-DBCH γδ 对大型溞的影响比 DBE-DBCH αβ 更强。这表明 DBE-DBCH γδ 具有使其比迄今为止研究的所有动物更具毒性的特性。
