GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.
CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain.
Int J Sports Med. 2021 Dec;42(14):1287-1296. doi: 10.1055/a-1408-4793. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
This study investigated the acute responses to volume-load-matched heavy-load (80% 1RM) versus light-load (40% 1RM) power-oriented resistance training sessions in well-functioning older adults. Using a randomized cross-over design, 15 volunteers completed each condition on a leg press. Neuromuscular (maximal isometric force and rate of force development) and functional performance (power during sit-to-stand test), lactate, and muscle damage biochemistry (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase and C-reactive protein serum concentration) were assessed pre- and post-exercise. Performance declines were found after heavy-load (Cohen's d effect size (d); maximal isometric force=0.95 d; rate of force development=1.17 d; sit-to-stand power =0.38 d, all p<0.05) and light-load (maximal isometric force=0.45 d; rate of force development=0.9 d; sit-to-stand power=1.17 d, all p<0.05), while lactate concentration increased only after light-load (1.7 d, p=0.001). However, no differences were found between conditions (all p>0.05). Both conditions increased creatine kinase the day after exercise (marginal effect=0.75 d, p<0.001), but no other blood markers increased (all, p>0.05). Irrespective of the load used, power training induced non-clinically significant decreases in sit-to-stand performance, moderate declines in maximal isometric force, but pronounced decreases in the rate of force development. Furthermore, the metabolic stress and muscle damage were minor; both sessions were generally well tolerated by well-functioning older adults without previous experience in resistance training.
本研究旨在探究体能良好的老年人在进行等容量负荷的大负荷（80% 1RM）与小负荷（40% 1RM）力量型抗阻训练时的急性反应。采用随机交叉设计，15 名志愿者分别在腿蹬式训练器上完成两种负荷条件。运动前和运动后分别评估了神经肌肉（最大等长肌力和肌力发展速率）和功能表现（坐站测试功率）、血乳酸和肌肉损伤生化标志物（血清肌酸激酶、乳酸脱氢酶和 C 反应蛋白浓度）。两种负荷条件下均观察到运动后表现下降（大负荷条件：最大等长肌力：Cohen's d 效应量（d）=0.95；肌力发展速率：d=1.17；坐站测试功率：d=0.38，均 p<0.05；小负荷条件：最大等长肌力：d=0.45；肌力发展速率：d=0.9；坐站测试功率：d=1.17，均 p<0.05），而仅在小负荷条件下乳酸浓度增加（1.7，p=0.001）。然而，两种负荷条件之间无差异（均 p>0.05）。两种负荷条件均使肌酸激酶在运动后第 2 天增加（边际效应：d=0.75，p<0.001），但其他血液标志物无变化（均 p>0.05）。无论负荷如何，力量训练均会引起坐站测试表现的非临床显著下降、最大等长肌力的中度下降，但肌力发展速率的显著下降。此外，代谢应激和肌肉损伤较小；两种训练方案通常均能被无抗阻训练经验的体能良好的老年人很好地耐受。
