Pereira Ana, Costa Aldo M, Izquierdo Mikel, Silva António J, Bastos Estela, Marques Mário C
Department of Sport Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal.
Age (Dordr). 2013 Oct;35(5):1949-59. doi: 10.1007/s11357-012-9461-3. Epub 2012 Aug 2.
Genetic variation of the human ACE I/D and ACTN3 R577X polymorphisms subsequent to 12 weeks of high-speed power training on maximal strength (1RM) of the arm and leg muscles, muscle power performance (counter-movement jump), and functional capacity (sit-to-stand test) was examined in older Caucasian women [n = 139; mean age 65.5 (8.2) years; 67.0 (10.0) kg and 1.57 (0.06) m]. Chelex 100 was used for DNA extraction, and genotype was determined by PCR-RFLP methods. Muscular strength, power, and functional testing were conducted at baseline (T1) and after 12 weeks (T2) of high-speed power training. At baseline, the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R/X polymorphisms were not associated with muscle function or muscularity phenotypes in older Caucasian women. After the 12-week high-speed training program, subjects significantly increased their muscular and functional capacity performance (p < 0.05). For both polymorphisms, significant genotype-training interaction (p < 0.05) was found in all muscular performance indices, except for 1RM leg extension in the ACE I/D (p = 0.187). Analyses of the combined effects between genotypes showed significant differences in all parameters (p < 0.05) in response to high-speed power training between the power (ACTN3 RR + RX & ACE DD) versus "non-power" muscularity-oriented genotypes (ACTN3 XX & ACE II + ID)]. Our data suggest that the ACE and ACTN3 genotypes (single or combined) exert a significant influence in the muscle phenotypes of older Caucasian women in response to high-speed power training. Thus, the ACE I/D and ACTN3 R/X polymorphisms are likely factors in modulating exercise-related phenotypes in older women, particularly in response to a resistance training stimuli.
在老年白人女性（n = 139；平均年龄65.5（8.2）岁；体重67.0（10.0）kg，身高1.57（0.06）m）中，研究了12周高速力量训练后，人类ACE I/D和ACTN3 R577X基因多态性对上肢和下肢肌肉最大力量（1RM）、肌肉力量表现（反向纵跳）和功能能力（坐立试验）的影响。采用Chelex 100法提取DNA，通过PCR-RFLP方法确定基因型。在高速力量训练的基线期（T1）和12周后（T2）进行肌肉力量、功率和功能测试。在基线时，ACE I/D和ACTN3 R/X基因多态性与老年白人女性的肌肉功能或肌肉表型无关。经过12周的高速训练计划后，受试者的肌肉和功能能力表现显著提高（p < 0.05）。对于这两种基因多态性，在所有肌肉表现指标中均发现了显著的基因型-训练交互作用（p < 0.05），ACE I/D基因的1RM腿部伸展除外（p = 0.187）。基因型组合效应分析显示，在高速力量训练后，力量型（ACTN3 RR + RX & ACE DD）与“非力量”型肌肉导向基因型（ACTN3 XX & ACE II + ID）之间的所有参数均存在显著差异（p < 0.05）。我们的数据表明，ACE和ACTN3基因型（单一或联合）在老年白人女性对高速力量训练的肌肉表型中发挥了显著影响。因此，ACE I/D和ACTN3 R/X基因多态性可能是调节老年女性运动相关表型的因素，尤其是对阻力训练刺激的反应。
