Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Therapeutics, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences Bethesda, MD, USA.
Division of Radiation Health, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, USA.
J Environ Sci Health C Toxicol Carcinog. 2021;39(2):180-218. doi: 10.1080/26896583.2021.1891825.
Staying longer in outer space will inevitably increase the health risks of astronauts due to the exposures to galactic cosmic rays and solar particle events. Exposure may pose a significant hazard to space flight crews not only during the mission but also later, when slow-developing adverse effects could finally become apparent. The body of literature examining ground-based outcomes in response to high-energy charged-particle radiation suggests differential effects in response to different particles and energies. Numerous animal and cellular models have repeatedly demonstrated the negative effects of high-energy charged-particle on the brain and cognitive function. However, research on the role of space radiation in potentiating cardiovascular dysfunction is still in its early stages. This review summarizes the available data from studies using ground-based animal models to evaluate the response of the brain and heart to the high-energy charged particles of GCR and SPE, addresses potential sex differences in these effects, and aims to highlight gaps in the current literature for future study.
在太空中停留时间过长，由于暴露在银河宇宙射线和太阳粒子事件中，宇航员的健康风险将不可避免地增加。这种暴露不仅在任务期间对太空飞行人员构成重大危害，而且在以后也会构成危害，因为缓慢发展的不利影响最终可能会显现出来。研究地面结果以应对高能带电粒子辐射的文献表明，不同粒子和能量的反应存在差异。许多动物和细胞模型反复证明了高能带电粒子对大脑和认知功能的负面影响。然而，关于空间辐射在增强心血管功能障碍中的作用的研究仍处于早期阶段。本综述总结了使用地面动物模型进行的研究的现有数据，以评估大脑和心脏对银河宇宙射线和太阳粒子事件的高能带电粒子的反应，探讨了这些影响中潜在的性别差异，并旨在突出当前文献中的空白，以供未来研究。
