Laboratório de Entomologia Sistemática, Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Animal da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande Sul, PPG-BAN.
Zootaxa. 2021 Apr 14;4958(1):zootaxa.4958.1.26. doi: 10.11646/zootaxa.4958.1.26.
Pentatomoidea is the third largest superfamily in Heteroptera. The internal systematics and classification of this superfamily have an intricate history. The paper by Grazia et al. (2008) is a milestone to the phylogenetic hypothesis of Pentatomoidea. Subsequent papers explored the limited conclusions and unanswered questions left by Grazia et al. (2008). We proposed to look at the body of knowledge produced since Grazia et al. (2008) and to compile the molecular data for Pentatomoidea deposited in Genbank to achieve three aims: (i) to evaluate the advances on the phylogenetic relationships of the Pentatomoidea; (ii) to produce a phylogenetic hypothesis based on molecular data deposited in Genbank; and (iii) to highlight the shortcomings and strengths of the available data. We retrieved sequences of four molecular markers (COI, 16S, 18S, and 28S) for 167 terminal taxa, including 149 pentatomoids. A concatenated matrix was analyzed under maximum likelihood (ML) and parsimony (MP). Both methods supported the monophyly of Pentatomoidea, and poorly resolved internal relationships among the families. Acanthosomatidae, Dinidordae, Pentatomidae, Scutelleridae, Thaumastellidae, and Urostylididae were monophyletic (under ML and MP), and also Plataspidae and Thyreocoridae (under ML). Tessaratomidae and Cydnidae were non-monophyletic under both methods. Our results were compared to the phylogenetic hypotheses proposed for Pentatomoidea. The analysis of the data available on the GenBank allowed us to affirm that many problems mentioned previously remain unsolved, even though the sampling of terminals has increased. In summary, the efforts in the last two decades to better understand the relationships within the Pentatomoidea have been insufficient to propose robust advances in phylogenetic hypothesis for the group. We discuss topics we understand are paramount to upcoming developments:1) better taxon sample; 2) collection management; 3) increased markers; and 4) morphology and anatomical ontology.
Pentatomoidea 是半翅目第三大超科。该超科的内部系统发育和分类历史悠久。Grazia 等人（2008 年）的论文是 Pentatomoidea 系统发育假说的一个里程碑。随后的论文探讨了 Grazia 等人（2008 年）留下的有限结论和未解决的问题。我们建议查看自 Grazia 等人（2008 年）以来产生的知识体系，并编译保存在 Genbank 中的 Pentatomoidea 分子数据，以实现三个目标：（i）评估 Pentatomoidea 系统发育关系的进展；（ii）基于保存在 Genbank 中的分子数据生成系统发育假说；（iii）突出可用数据的优缺点。我们检索了 167 个末端分类单元（包括 149 个 Pentatomoidea）的四个分子标记（COI、16S、18S 和 28S）的序列。最大似然法（ML）和简约法（MP）分析了串联矩阵。两种方法均支持 Pentatomoidea 的单系性，以及科内关系的解析度较差。Acanthosomatidae、Dinidordae、Pentatomidae、Scutelleridae、Thaumastellidae 和 Urostylididae 是单系的（在 ML 和 MP 下），Plataspidae 和 Thyreocoridae 也是单系的（在 ML 下）。Tessaratomidae 和 Cydnidae 在两种方法下均不是单系的。我们的结果与 Pentatomoidea 提出的系统发育假说进行了比较。对 GenBank 上可用数据的分析使我们能够确认，尽管末端取样增加了，但许多以前提到的问题仍然没有得到解决。总之，过去二十年为更好地了解 Pentatomoidea 内部关系所做的努力不足以提出该群体系统发育假说的稳健进展。我们讨论了我们认为对未来发展至关重要的主题：1）更好的分类单元样本；2）采集管理；3）增加标记；4）形态和解剖本体论。
