Department of Learning, Informatics, Management and Ethics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
Education Development Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 27;16(4):e0250781. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250781. eCollection 2021.
The number of people with diabetes is estimated to increase to 642 million by 2040, with most having type 2 diabetes. Patients with diabetes require continuous monitoring and possible treatment changes. Patient education is the process of enabling individuals to make informed decisions about their personal health-related behaviours and internet-enabled interventions have the potential to provide support and information to patients with diabetes.
The aim of the study was to design a portal prototype based onto two models of care and a contextualised education programme to support the self-management of diabetes patients by involving stakeholders in the Iranian province of Razavi-Khorasan.
A Design-Based Research framework was adopted. A qualitative research method was used to analyse interviews with patients and care givers. Mock-ups were developed first and designed with features of user-driven and self-care models of care. The mock-ups also had adaptation features, such as for control of the disease, ability to cure self, and family support. The portal prototype was developed iteratively by building on the mock-ups and evaluated through interviews. The features and elements of the mock-ups and the portal prototype were evaluated in an outpatient diabetes clinic in Mashhad.
Thirty-three participants were involved in the study. The evaluation of the mock-ups resulted in two themes and seven categories: 1) self-care improvement, including self-care requirements and self-management, and 2) educational usefulness, including medical information, information mode, mobility, interaction, and efficiency. The mock-up evaluation was used as a basis for designing a portal prototype. Next, the portal prototype was evaluated, and three categories emerged from the interview data: 1) user experience, 2) functionality, and 3) interactivity. Participants were not able to prioritise between the two care models. Some functionalities of the portal could benefit from the development within a cultural context to determine differences to the best way to present material.
A portal prototype has been designed to include two care models to support self-management and functionalities that support aspects of culture-specific diabetes self-care. This study provides guidance on developing an internet-enabled educational portal, aimed at providing support for patients in their social context.
据估计，到 2040 年，糖尿病患者人数将增至 6.42 亿，其中大多数为 2 型糖尿病患者。糖尿病患者需要持续监测，并可能需要改变治疗方案。患者教育是使个人能够就其个人健康相关行为做出明智决策的过程，而互联网支持的干预措施有可能为糖尿病患者提供支持和信息。
本研究旨在设计一个基于两种护理模式和一个情境化教育计划的门户原型，通过让利益相关者参与伊朗拉扎维霍拉桑省的糖尿病患者自我管理，为其提供支持。
采用设计研究框架。采用定性研究方法分析了患者和护理人员的访谈。首先开发了原型模型，并采用用户驱动和自我护理护理模式的特点进行了设计。这些原型模型还具有适应功能，例如控制疾病、自我治愈能力和家庭支持。门户原型通过在原型模型的基础上进行迭代开发，并通过访谈进行评估而逐步开发。在马什哈德的一家门诊糖尿病诊所中，对原型模型和门户原型的功能和要素进行了评估。
共有 33 名参与者参与了本研究。原型模型评估结果得出了两个主题和七个类别：1）自我护理的改善，包括自我护理要求和自我管理，以及 2）教育的有用性，包括医疗信息、信息模式、移动性、交互和效率。原型模型评估被用作设计门户原型的基础。接下来，对门户原型进行了评估，访谈数据中出现了三个类别：1）用户体验，2）功能，以及 3）交互性。参与者无法在两种护理模式之间进行优先排序。门户的某些功能可能需要在文化背景下进行开发，以确定呈现材料的最佳方式的差异。
已设计了一个门户原型，其中包含两种护理模式以支持自我管理和支持特定文化的糖尿病自我护理方面的功能。本研究为开发互联网支持的教育门户提供了指导，旨在为患者的社会环境提供支持。
