College of Grassland Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
Japan International Research Center for Agricultural Sciences (JIRCAS), Tsukuba, Japan.
J Appl Microbiol. 2021 Nov;131(5):2193-2211. doi: 10.1111/jam.15124. Epub 2021 May 12.
To effectively use woody plant resources to prepare silage for ruminants, Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) single-molecule real-time (SMRT) sequencing was applied to study the microbial network and fermentation characteristics of paper mulberry (PM) silage prepared with corn meal (CM) and rice bran (RB) as exogenous additives.
PM is rich in nutrients and contains more than 26% crude protein in dry matter. After ensiling, the microbial diversity and abundance in PM, CM and RB decreased due to the anaerobic environment and acidic conditions. The CM-treated PM silage accelerated the conversion of the dominant microbial community from harmful bacteria to lactic acid bacteria and promoted lactic acid fermentation. When RB was used to treat PM silage, Enterobacter and Clostridium species became the main bacterial community during ensiling, leading to butyric acid fermentation and protein decomposition. Compared with RB, CM increased the amount of fermentation substrates, changed the microbial community structure and affected metabolic pathways (global metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and amino acid metabolism), which improved the flavour and quality of the PM silage.
The CM addition of improved the fermentation quality of PM silage, with PM + CM being the ideal combination. The SMRT sequencing technology could accurately obtain specific details of the microbial networks and fermentation characteristics. Our results indicate that PM can be used as a potential high-protein silage in animal production.
In tropics, the effective use of abundant natural biomass resources such as woody plants to prepare silage for feed preservation can solve the problem of restricting livestock production due to the shortage of feed in the dry season. SMRT sequencing technology was used to accurately analyze the microbial network and fermentation characteristics of woody silage prepared with CM as an exogenous additive to improve the fermentation quality of silage.
为了有效利用木本植物资源为反刍动物制备青贮料，本研究应用太平洋生物科学公司（PacBio）单分子实时（SMRT）测序技术，研究了以玉米粉（CM）和米糠（RB）作为外源添加剂制备的桑青贮料的微生物网络和发酵特性。
桑树营养丰富，干物质中粗蛋白含量超过 26%。青贮后，由于厌氧环境和酸性条件，桑树、CM 和 RB 中的微生物多样性和丰度降低。CM 处理的桑树青贮料加速了从有害细菌到乳酸菌的优势微生物群落的转化，促进了乳酸发酵。当 RB 用于处理桑树青贮料时，肠杆菌属和梭菌属成为青贮过程中的主要细菌群落，导致丁酸发酵和蛋白质分解。与 RB 相比，CM 增加了发酵底物的数量，改变了微生物群落结构，影响了代谢途径（全局代谢、碳水化合物代谢和氨基酸代谢），从而改善了桑树青贮料的风味和质量。
CM 的添加改善了桑树青贮料的发酵质量，其中 PM + CM 是理想的组合。SMRT 测序技术可以准确获得微生物网络和发酵特性的具体细节。我们的结果表明，桑树可以作为一种有潜力的高蛋白青贮料用于动物生产。
在热带地区，有效利用丰富的天然生物质资源，如木本植物，来制备青贮料以保存饲料，可以解决由于旱季饲料短缺而限制畜牧业生产的问题。本研究应用 SMRT 测序技术准确分析了以 CM 作为外源添加剂制备的木本青贮料的微生物网络和发酵特性，以提高青贮料的发酵质量。
