Bao Shi-Jie, Ye Sheng-Jia, Ren Xiao-Wei, Chen Qu-Yi, Wei Bin, Gong Yao
Department of Prosthodontics, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Shanghai 200011, China. E-mail:
Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue. 2021 Feb;30(1):55-60.
Using impact test to study cushioning and energy absorption of sports mouthguard of different thickness, material and combination.
According to the thickness, material and combination, the mouthguards were divided into 7 groups with 6 testing pieces in each group. A pendulum device was used to apply impact energy to the mouthguard and dentition model, and the magnitude of the impact energy was measured by changing the release height of the pendulum. The force sensor and the laser vibrometer were respectively connected to the data acquisition and signal analyzer to obtain the incident speed, rebound speed, maximum collision force, collision start time and collision end time of the hammer head. Collision time, energy absorption and energy absorption ratio of the mouthguard were calculated, which reflected different mouthguard cushioning and energy absorption characteristics. One-way analysis of variance and t test in SPSS 22.0 software package was used to analyze the difference between different groups.
No matter what type of mouthguard was worn by the dentition model, the impact force was significantly reduced than without mouthguards. At the same height, there was significant difference between the average maximum collision force and the average collision time among soft mouthguards with thicknesses of 2, 3, 4, and 5 mm(P<0.05); among which the average maximum collision force of the 5 mm was the smallest and the average collision time was the shortest. There was no significant difference in the average energy absorption and the average energy absorption ratio among these 4 groups. There was significant difference in the average maximum collision force, average collision time, average energy absorption and average energy absorption ratio between the two groups of mouthguards with the same thickness of splints and different materials(P<0.05). Among them, the average maximum impact force of the 4 mm soft mouthguard was smaller and the average collision time was longer.
Wearing sports mouthguard can reduce the risk of tooth fracture during collision. Soft mouthguard has the best cushioning performance and it is positively related to thickness. Locally strengthening hard materials can enhance energy absorption and provide better protection.
通过冲击试验研究不同厚度、材料及组合的运动护齿器的缓冲和能量吸收性能。
根据厚度、材料及组合，将护齿器分为7组，每组6个试件。使用摆锤装置对护齿器和牙列模型施加冲击能量，通过改变摆锤的释放高度来测量冲击能量的大小。将力传感器和激光测振仪分别连接到数据采集和信号分析仪，以获取锤头的入射速度、回弹速度、最大碰撞力、碰撞开始时间和碰撞结束时间。计算护齿器的碰撞时间、能量吸收和能量吸收比，以反映不同护齿器的缓冲和能量吸收特性。使用SPSS 22.0软件包进行单因素方差分析和t检验，分析不同组之间的差异。
无论牙列模型佩戴何种类型的护齿器，冲击力均比不佩戴护齿器时显著降低。在相同高度下，厚度为2、3、4和5mm的软质护齿器的平均最大碰撞力和平均碰撞时间之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）；其中5mm的平均最大碰撞力最小，平均碰撞时间最短。这4组的平均能量吸收和平均能量吸收比无显著差异。夹板厚度相同但材料不同的两组护齿器的平均最大碰撞力、平均碰撞时间、平均能量吸收和平均能量吸收比之间存在显著差异（P<0.05）。其中，4mm软质护齿器的平均最大冲击力较小，平均碰撞时间较长。
佩戴运动护齿器可降低碰撞时牙齿折断的风险。软质护齿器具有最佳的缓冲性能，且与厚度呈正相关。局部强化硬质材料可增强能量吸收并提供更好的保护。
