State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection & School for Radiological and Interdisciplinary Sciences (RAD-X), Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiation Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Imaging Diagnosis and Minimally Invasive Intervention Research, Lishui Hospital of Zhejiang University, Lishui, China.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2021 Nov;13(6):e1720. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1720. Epub 2021 Apr 27.
Tumor microenvironment (TME) is generally featured by low pH values, high glutathione (GSH) concentrations, overproduced hydrogen peroxide (H O ), and severe hypoxia. These characteristics could provide an interior environment for origination and residence of tumor cells and would lead to tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Therefore, the development of TME-responsive smart nanosystems has shown significant potential to enhance the efficacy of current cancer treatments. Manganese dioxide (MnO )-based nanosystems have attracted growing attentions for applications in cancer treatment as an excellent TME-responsive theranostic platform, due to their tunable structures/morphologies, pH responsive degradation, and excellent catalytic activities. In this review, we mainly summarize the strategies of MnO and its nanocomposites to modulate TME, such as tumor hypoxia relief, excessive GSH depletion, glucose consumption, and tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment moderation. Such MnO -based TME modulation would be beneficial for a wide range of cancer therapies including photodynamic therapy, radiotherapy, sonodynamic therapy, chemodynamic therapy, starvation therapy, and immunotherapy. Next, some representative designs of MnO -based nanoplatforms in other tumor therapies are highlighted. Moreover, we will discuss the challenges and future perspectives of these MnO -based nanosystems for enhanced tumor treatment. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
肿瘤微环境（TME）通常具有低 pH 值、高谷胱甘肽（GSH）浓度、过产生的过氧化氢（H 2 O 2 ）和严重缺氧等特征。这些特征可为肿瘤细胞的起源和居留提供内部环境，导致肿瘤进展、转移和耐药性。因此，开发 TME 响应型智能纳米系统已显示出增强当前癌症治疗效果的巨大潜力。基于二氧化锰（MnO ）的纳米系统因其可调结构/形态、pH 响应降解和优异的催化活性，作为一种出色的 TME 响应治疗平台，在癌症治疗中的应用引起了越来越多的关注。在这篇综述中，我们主要总结了 MnO 及其纳米复合材料调节 TME 的策略，例如缓解肿瘤缺氧、过度消耗 GSH、葡萄糖消耗和肿瘤免疫抑制微环境调节。这种基于 MnO 的 TME 调节将有利于包括光动力疗法、放射疗法、声动力疗法、化学动力学疗法、饥饿疗法和免疫疗法在内的广泛癌症治疗。接下来，突出了基于 MnO 的纳米平台在其他肿瘤治疗中的一些代表性设计。此外，我们将讨论这些基于 MnO 的纳米系统在增强肿瘤治疗方面的挑战和未来展望。本文属于以下类别：治疗方法和药物发现 > 用于肿瘤疾病的纳米医学。
