Liang Yujia, Ku Kyojin, Lin Yulin, Yu Lei, Wen Jianguo, Lee Eungje, Libera Joseph, Lu Jun
Applied Materials Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.
Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces. 2021 Jun 16;13(23):26915-26923. doi: 10.1021/acsami.1c03930. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
Flame-spray-pyrolysis (FSP) is a robust and scalable process to synthesize particles at the commodity-scale. FSP has been used to produce the precursor powders which were converted to the layered structure (3̅ phase) by a postannealing step in making nickel-rich cathode materials (NCMs). Theoretically, the high flame temperature (normally >1500 K) in FSP can provide adequate energy for the phase conversion from rock-salt to layered structures and potentially enables one-step synthesis. However, the high flame temperature is a critical issue to cause lithium loss and structural degradation, preventing the formation of the layered phase. In this work, guided by the gaseous nucleation theory, we implemented several FSP processes with different solution recipes. The layered phase concentration in the as-burned products can be increased with the solution enthalpies. By adding a rapid quench step to suppress the lithium loss and phase degradation, the layered phase can be further increased. This work contributes new ideas to innovating process regarding the process efficiency and throughput of manufacturing cathode materials at a large scale.
火焰喷雾热解（FSP）是一种强大且可扩展的工艺，可在商品规模上合成颗粒。FSP已用于生产前驱体粉末，这些前驱体粉末在制备富镍正极材料（NCM）时通过后续退火步骤转化为层状结构（3̅相）。理论上，FSP中的高火焰温度（通常>1500 K）可为从岩盐到层状结构的相转变提供足够的能量，并有可能实现一步合成。然而，高火焰温度是导致锂损失和结构降解的关键问题，阻碍了层状相的形成。在这项工作中，在气态成核理论的指导下，我们采用了几种不同溶液配方的FSP工艺。随着溶液焓的增加，燃烧产物中层状相的浓度可以提高。通过添加快速淬火步骤来抑制锂损失和相降解，可以进一步提高层状相。这项工作为大规模制造正极材料的工艺效率和产量创新过程贡献了新的思路。
