Alvim Matos Sheila Maria, Duncan Bruce B, Bensenor Isabela M, Mill José Geraldo, Giatti Luana, Molina Maria Del Carmen B, Mendes da Fonseca Maria de Jesus, Schmidt Maria Inês, Lotufo Paulo A, Griep Rosane Harter, Barreto Sandhi Maria, Almeida Maria da Conceição C
Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Epidemiologia and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
Am J Hum Biol. 2022 Feb;34(2):e23606. doi: 10.1002/ajhb.23606. Epub 2021 Apr 28.
To estimate annual weight gain and the incidence of overweight and obesity, stratified according to gender and socioeconomic factors.
From the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), we included 13 625 women and men aged 35-74 (2008-2010) who attended a follow-up visit after a mean 3.8-years. Standardized questionnaires were used to record sociodemographic data, and height and weight were measured on all participants during in-person visits at research centers. The incidence rate to overweight was calculated among those not having excess weight at baseline, and incident obesity among those not having this condition at baseline. We evaluated the incidence of overweight and obesity in men and women, adjusted by age, through Poisson regression with robust variance. Large annual weight gain by gender was being defined as ≥90th percentile in the cohort.
A global incidence of 7.7% for overweight and 10.6% for obesity was observed, with higher levels seen among black woman (28.5%), young men (21.1%) and woman with low educational level (35.0%). The proportions of overweight and obesity increased with age at both time points, more commonly among those with the lowest levels of per capita income and fewer years of schooling. Large annual weight gain was greater among participants with an intermediate level of education and those who self-identified as black.
A high overall risk of becoming overweight/obese was found, especially among women. The roles of race and education level are fundamental to understanding the effects produced by social inequalities in rates of excess weight.
根据性别和社会经济因素进行分层，估算年度体重增加情况以及超重和肥胖的发生率。
从巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA-Brasil）中，我们纳入了13625名年龄在35 - 74岁（2008 - 2010年）的男性和女性，他们在平均3.8年后接受了随访。使用标准化问卷记录社会人口统计学数据，并在研究中心的现场访视期间对所有参与者测量身高和体重。计算基线时没有超重的人群中超重的发生率，以及基线时没有肥胖症的人群中肥胖症的发生率。我们通过具有稳健方差的泊松回归评估了按年龄调整后的男性和女性超重和肥胖的发生率。将队列中性别别年度体重大幅增加定义为≥第90百分位数。
观察到超重的总体发生率为7.7%，肥胖的总体发生率为10.6%，在黑人女性（28.5%）、年轻男性（21.1%）和教育水平低的女性（35.0%）中发生率更高。在两个时间点，超重和肥胖的比例均随年龄增加，在人均收入最低和受教育年限最少的人群中更为常见。教育水平中等的参与者和自我认定为黑人的参与者中，年度体重大幅增加的情况更为普遍。
发现超重/肥胖的总体风险很高，尤其是在女性中。种族和教育水平对于理解社会不平等对超重率产生的影响至关重要。
