School of Nursing, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil.
Laboratory of Health and Environmental Education, Oswaldo Cruz Institute (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
PLoS One. 2018 Mar 13;13(3):e0194190. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194190. eCollection 2018.
Perceived time constraints have been highlighted in sociological studies as representing a core issue in determining quality of life. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that gender inequalities regarding insufficiency of time play a role in the development of overweight and obesity in adults. The study used baseline data (2008-2010) from the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health (ELSA-Brasil), which monitors a cohort of 15,105 civil servants of 35 to 74 years of age. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure due to professional and domestic duties, as detailed in a structured questionnaire, comprised the main exposure variable. The outcome variable was overweight/obesity measured according to body mass index. Prevalence ratios were calculated using multinomial logistic regression. A greater proportion of women compared to men reported insufficient time for personal care and leisure (34.5% versus 23.8%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight was greater in men, while obesity was more common in women. Insufficient time for personal care and leisure was associated with overweight (PR = 1.29; 95% CI: 1.04-1.61) and obesity (PR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.28-2.12) only in women working over 40 hours/week. No significant association was found for males. These results suggest that the length of the working week influences factors underlying weight gain, possibly issues linked to behavior and/or stress mechanisms. The fact that such an association was restricted to women suggests that the results originate from gender inequalities involving relationships between time and health. The findings of this study provide data on which to base public policies aimed at encouraging the redistribution of domestic responsibilities in the direction of gender equity, as well as macrosocial policies such as providing public schools for workers' children.
社会学家研究指出，感知到的时间限制是决定生活质量的核心问题之一。本研究旨在验证这样一个假设，即性别不平等导致的时间不足会对成年人超重和肥胖的发展产生影响。该研究使用了巴西成人健康纵向研究（ELSA-Brasil）的基线数据（2008-2010 年），该研究监测了一组年龄在 35 至 74 岁之间的 15105 名公务员。由于职业和家庭责任，个人护理和休闲时间不足的主要暴露变量是通过结构化问卷详细说明的。超重/肥胖是根据体重指数来衡量的。使用多变量逻辑回归计算患病率比。与男性相比，更多的女性报告个人护理和休闲时间不足（分别为 34.5%和 23.8%）。男性超重的比例较高，而女性肥胖的比例较高。每周工作超过 40 小时的女性中，个人护理和休闲时间不足与超重（PR = 1.29；95%CI：1.04-1.61）和肥胖（PR = 1.65；95%CI：1.28-2.12）相关。而男性则没有显著关联。这些结果表明，工作周的长度会影响体重增加的因素，可能与行为和/或压力机制有关。这种关联仅限于女性，这表明结果源于涉及时间和健康关系的性别不平等。本研究的结果提供了数据，为旨在鼓励向性别平等方向重新分配家庭责任的公共政策，以及为工人子女提供公立学校等宏观社会政策提供了依据。
