Kleppang Annette Løvheim, Haugland Siri Håvås, Bakken Anders, Stea Tonje Holte
Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Postboks 422 4604, Kristiansand, Norway.
Department of Psychosocial Health, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
BMC Public Health. 2021 Apr 28;21(1):816. doi: 10.1186/s12889-021-10846-1.
This study's purpose was to examine the association between a broad range of lifestyle habits and depressive symptoms in Norwegian adolescents.
This study was based on national, self-reported, cross-sectional data from the Ungdata Surveys, conducted in 2017-2019. The target group comprised 244,250 adolescents (ages 13-19). Binominal logistic regression was used to analyse the association between lifestyle habits (physical activity, social media use, gaming, dietary habits, smoking, smokeless tobacco, alcohol intoxication) and depressive symptoms. The outcome measure was defined as a high level of depressive symptoms (≥80th percentile). Separate analyses were performed for boys and girls, and all models were adjusted for perceived family economy, parental higher education and age.
The odds of having depressive symptoms were significantly lower among those who reported being physically active at least 3 times per week (OR; boys: 0.81, girls: 0.83), used social media ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.65, girls: 0.70), engaged in gaming ≤3 h per day (OR; boys: 0.72, girls: 0.77), were non-smokers (OR; boys: 0.74, girls: 0.72) and had not experienced alcohol intoxication during the previous 12 months (OR; boys: 0.66, girls: 0.67). Furthermore, the results indicated a significant inverse association between depressive symptoms and high consumption of a range of healthy food items and low consumption of unhealthy food and beverages among girls. Similar tendencies were found among boys (OR; 0.77-0.91). Finally, higher adherence to healthy lifestyle habits was associated significantly with lower odds of having depressive symptoms among both genders (OR; boys: 0.40, girls: 0.52).
A healthier lifestyle was associated with lower odds of having depressive symptoms. Additional research is needed to confirm a possible causal relationship.
本研究旨在探讨挪威青少年广泛的生活习惯与抑郁症状之间的关联。
本研究基于2017 - 2019年开展的“Ungdata调查”的全国性自我报告横断面数据。目标群体包括244,250名青少年（年龄在13 - 19岁）。采用二项逻辑回归分析生活习惯（体育活动、社交媒体使用、游戏、饮食习惯、吸烟、无烟烟草、酒精中毒）与抑郁症状之间的关联。结局指标定义为高水平抑郁症状（≥第80百分位数）。对男孩和女孩分别进行分析，所有模型均根据感知家庭经济状况、父母高等教育程度和年龄进行了调整。
报告每周至少进行3次体育活动的青少年出现抑郁症状的几率显著较低（比值比；男孩：0.81，女孩：0.83）；每天使用社交媒体≤3小时的青少年出现抑郁症状的几率显著较低（比值比；男孩：0.65，女孩：0.70）；每天玩游戏≤3小时的青少年出现抑郁症状的几率显著较低（比值比；男孩：0.72，女孩：0.77）；不吸烟的青少年出现抑郁症状的几率显著较低（比值比；男孩：0.74，女孩：0.72）；在过去12个月内未经历酒精中毒的青少年出现抑郁症状的几率显著较低（比值比；男孩：0.66，女孩：0.67）。此外，结果表明女孩中抑郁症状与大量食用多种健康食品以及少量食用不健康食品和饮料之间存在显著的负相关。男孩中也发现了类似趋势（比值比；0.77 - 0.91）。最后，更高程度地坚持健康生活习惯与两性中出现抑郁症状的较低几率显著相关（比值比；男孩：0.40，女孩：0.52）。
更健康的生活方式与出现抑郁症状的较低几率相关。需要进一步研究以证实可能的因果关系。
