Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States.
Front Immunol. 2021 Apr 12;12:642771. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.642771. eCollection 2021.
Autophagy is a vital conserved degradative process that maintains cellular homeostasis by recycling or eliminating dysfunctional cellular organelles and proteins. More recently, autophagy has become a well-recognized host defense mechanism against intracellular pathogens through a process known as xenophagy. On the host-microbe battlefield many intracellular bacterial pathogens have developed the ability to subvert xenophagy to establish infection. Obligately intracellular bacterial pathogens of the family, including , and have developed a dichotomous strategy to exploit the host autophagic pathway to obtain nutrients while escaping lysosomal destruction for intracellular survival within the host cell. In this review, the recent findings regarding how these master manipulators engage and inhibit autophagy for infection are explored. Future investigation to understand mechanisms used by to exploit autophagy may advance novel antimicrobial therapies and provide new insights into how intracellular microbes exploit autophagy to survive.
自噬是一种重要的保守降解过程，通过循环利用或清除功能失调的细胞细胞器和蛋白质来维持细胞内环境的稳定。最近，自噬已经成为一种公认的宿主防御机制，通过一种称为异噬作用的过程来抵抗细胞内病原体。在宿主与微生物的战场上，许多细胞内细菌病原体已经发展出了一种颠覆异噬作用的能力，从而建立感染。家族中的专性细胞内细菌病原体，包括 、 和 ，已经发展出一种二分策略，利用宿主自噬途径获取营养，同时逃避溶酶体破坏，在宿主细胞内进行细胞内生存。在这篇综述中，探讨了这些主要操纵者如何参与和抑制自噬以进行感染的最新发现。未来对了解 利用自噬的机制的研究可能会推进新的抗菌治疗方法，并深入了解细胞内微生物如何利用自噬作用来生存。
