Department of Gerontology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, British Columbia, Canada.
Department of Sociology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Can Rev Sociol. 2021 May;58(2):229-249. doi: 10.1111/cars.12339. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Multiculturalism promises equality and tolerance, yet racialized minorities in Canada continue to report experiences of discrimination. As Canada becomes increasingly culturally and racially diverse, it is important to understand what this discrimination means for sense of belonging in Canada. Using ordinary logistic regressions, we examine the effects of ethnocultural and racial discrimination on sense of belonging. Relying on a theoretical framework of the Rejection/Identification and Rejection/Disidentification models, we test the impacts of discrimination on national sense of belonging and on in-group sense of belonging. We further examine the differential effects of discrimination on sense of belonging for white and non-white Canadians. We find that discrimination negatively impacts both national and in-group sense of belonging among both non-white and white Canadians, although the impact is stronger among racialized minorities. Thus, we argue that discrimination reduces sense of belonging in Canada generally, but is more damaging to those who already occupy a marginalized social position. These findings have implications for our understanding of multiculturalism in Canada.
多元文化主义承诺平等和宽容，但加拿大的少数族裔仍报告称存在歧视经历。随着加拿大在文化和种族方面变得越来越多样化，了解这种歧视对加拿大归属感意味着什么非常重要。我们使用普通逻辑回归来研究族裔和种族歧视对归属感的影响。基于排斥/认同和排斥/去认同模型的理论框架，我们测试了歧视对国家归属感和群体内归属感的影响。我们进一步研究了歧视对加拿大白人及非白人归属感的差异影响。我们发现，歧视对加拿大非白人及白人的国家归属感和群体内归属感都有负面影响，尽管这种影响在少数族裔中更为强烈。因此，我们认为，歧视会降低加拿大的归属感，但对那些已经处于边缘化社会地位的人来说，影响更大。这些发现对我们理解加拿大的多元文化主义具有重要意义。
