Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
PLoS One. 2021 Apr 29;16(4):e0250020. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0250020. eCollection 2021.
Globally, the safety of patients and healthcare providers is at risk due to health care-associated infections (HCAIs). World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommend using alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) for hand hygiene in healthcare settings to prevent HCAIs. Irrational use of ABHR will have undesirable consequences including wastage of products, exposure of healthcare providers to infections and emergence of microbial resistance to the alcohol in hand sanitizers. This study aimed to explore the perspective and experiences of compounding pharmacists on production and utilization of ABHR solution for coronavirus disease in 2019 (COVID-19) prevention in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A descriptive qualitative study using in-depth interview of 13 key-informants serving as compounding pharmacists in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, was conducted. The study participants were identified and selected by purposive sampling. All transcribed interviews were subjected to thematic analysis and transcripts were analyzed manually.
The compounding pharmacists in this study had a mean age of 30.6 (±3.1) years and nine of the thirteen participants were men. Ten participants believed that the compounding practice in their respective sites followed the principles of good compounding practice. More than half of the participants did not believe that ABHR products were used rationally in health facilities. They argued that users did not have enough awareness when and how to use sanitizers. Most of the interviewees reported that compounding personnel had no formal training on ABHR solution production. Study participants suggested incentive mechanisms and reimbursements for experts involved in the compounding of ABHR solutions.
Three of the compounding pharmacists indicated that ABHR production in their setting lack compliance to good compounding practice due to inadequate compounding room, quality control tests, manpower and equipment. Despite this, most study participants preferred the in-house ABHR products than the commercially available ones. Thus, training, regular monitoring and follow-up of the hospital compounding services can further build staff confidence.
在全球范围内，由于医疗保健相关感染（HAI），患者和医疗保健提供者的安全受到威胁。世界卫生组织和美国疾病控制与预防中心建议在医疗保健环境中使用酒精基手部消毒剂（ABHR）进行手部卫生，以预防 HAI。不合理使用 ABHR 会带来不良后果，包括产品浪费、医疗保健提供者暴露于感染以及手部消毒剂中酒精的微生物耐药性出现。本研究旨在探讨埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴公立医院调配药剂师对生产和使用用于 2019 年（COVID-19）冠状病毒疾病预防的 ABHR 溶液的看法和经验。
本研究采用描述性定性研究，对埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴公立医院的 13 名调配药剂师进行了深入访谈。研究参与者是通过目的抽样确定和选择的。所有转录访谈均进行了主题分析，转录本进行了手动分析。
本研究中的调配药剂师平均年龄为 30.6（±3.1）岁，其中 13 名参与者中有 9 名是男性。10 名参与者认为各自站点的调配实践符合良好调配实践原则。超过一半的参与者认为卫生设施中没有合理使用 ABHR 产品。他们认为使用者在何时以及如何使用消毒剂方面没有足够的意识。大多数受访者报告说，调配人员没有接受过关于 ABHR 溶液生产的正式培训。研究参与者建议为参与 ABHR 溶液调配的专家提供激励机制和报销。
有 3 名调配药剂师表示，由于调配室、质量控制测试、人力和设备不足，他们所在环境的 ABHR 生产不符合良好调配实践的要求。尽管如此，大多数研究参与者还是更喜欢内部生产的 ABHR 产品而不是市售产品。因此，培训、定期监测和跟进医院调配服务可以进一步增强员工信心。
