Selam Muluken Nigatu, Bayisa Regasa, Ababu Andualem, Abdella Mahdi, Diriba Edessa, Wale Minychel, Baye Assefa Mulu
Department of Pharmaceutics and Social Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, College of Health Sciences, Addis Ababa University, P.O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Pharmaceutical and Medical Equipment Directorate (PMED), Ministry of Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
J Pharm Policy Pract. 2021 May 2;14(1):39. doi: 10.1186/s40545-021-00321-y.
Proper hand hygiene using alcohol-based handrub (ABHR) is an effective preventive approach for the current Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and other infections. World Health Organization recommends local production of ABHR solution in healthcare settings which provides a feasible alternative to the use of relatively expensive commercially produced hand sanitizers. The aim of this study was to explore the adequacy of ABHR solution production practice in response to COVID-19 in public hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
A cross-sectional observational study was applied using assessment checklist for evaluation of the adequacy of ABHR production practice in compounding units of public hospitals. The evaluation was done with regard to the standard requirements as per the checklist. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 was used for data entry and analysis. Descriptive statistics was employed for analyses of data and categorical variables were described by frequencies and percentages.
Out of the 13 public hospitals observed in the study, 11 facilities had dedicated premises for compounding of ABHR solution. Seven facilities determined the concentration of ethanol in ABHR solution using alcoholmeters. Only one health facility had a titration kit and performed a strength test for the hydrogen peroxide raw material. Thermal and chemical disinfection processes were practiced for cleaning of recycled dispensing bottles only in 3 and 2 hospitals, respectively. Most of the hospitals (11 facilities) had standard operating procedures (SOPs) for production, but the majority lack SOPs for beyond-use-date assignment (11 facilities), premise and equipment cleaning (12 facilities), and disinfection of recycled bottles (12 facilities).
Most hospitals have fulfilled the majority requirements of premises required for compounding of ABHR solution in their facilities. Five hospitals did not verify the concentration of ethanol in the ABHR solution which might affect the effectiveness of the product. Generally, lower compliance of the majority studied hospitals to good compounding practice was observed during ABHR solution production especially for product preparation, quality control, and documentation.
使用含酒精洗手液（ABHR）进行正确的手部卫生是预防当前2019年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行及其他感染的有效方法。世界卫生组织建议在医疗机构本地生产ABHR溶液，这为使用相对昂贵的商业生产洗手液提供了可行的替代方案。本研究的目的是探讨埃塞俄比亚亚的斯亚贝巴公立医院应对COVID-19时ABHR溶液生产实践的充分性。
采用横断面观察研究，使用评估清单评估公立医院配液单位ABHR生产实践的充分性。根据清单的标准要求进行评估。使用社会科学统计软件包（SPSS）23版进行数据录入和分析。描述性统计用于数据分析，分类变量用频率和百分比描述。
在研究中观察的13家公立医院中，11家机构有专门用于配制ABHR溶液的场所。7家机构使用酒精计测定ABHR溶液中的乙醇浓度。只有一家医疗机构有滴定试剂盒，并对过氧化氢原料进行了强度测试。仅分别在3家和2家医院对回收的分装瓶进行了热消毒和化学消毒处理。大多数医院（11家机构）有生产标准操作规程（SOP），但大多数缺乏超有效期指定（11家机构）、场所和设备清洁（12家机构）以及回收瓶消毒（12家机构）的SOP。
大多数医院在其设施中满足了配制ABHR溶液所需场所的大部分要求。五家医院未验证ABHR溶液中乙醇的浓度，这可能会影响产品的有效性。总体而言，在ABHR溶液生产过程中，尤其是在产品制备、质量控制和文件记录方面，大多数研究医院对良好配制规范的依从性较低。
