Loffi Cecilia, Bortolazzo Elena, Garavaldi Anna, Musi Valeria, Reverberi Paolo, Galaverna Gianni, Sforza Stefano, Tedeschi Tullia
SITEIA.PARMA-Tecnopolo Padiglione 33, Food and Drug Science Department, University of Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze 95/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
CRPA, CRPA Lab, Viale Timavo 43/2, 42121 Reggio Emilia, Italy.
Foods. 2021 Apr 3;10(4):770. doi: 10.3390/foods10040770.
Brine soaking is one of the most important steps in the production of Parmigiano Reggiano cheese, since it determines the amount of salt in the final product. Reduction in salt in Parmigiano Reggiano cheese might be important for improving its nutritional profile, but it could affect the manufacturing processes by altering proteolysis and consequently the product quality. In this study, for the first time, salt reduction was explored at the industrial level on real cheese samples manufactured in a local dairy. In particular, 20 wheels were produced with conventional (18 days, 10 wheels) and shorter (12 days, 10 wheels) brining steps. In every group, wheels were studied at two different ripening times, 15 and 30 months. A shorter brining time resulted in an average 12% decrease in salt content. A full characterization of free amino acids and peptides was performed by LC-MS on all samples. Free amino acids and peptides, as expected, increased with ripening, due to proteolysis, with samples having low salt content showing a slightly faster increase when compared to standard ones, hinting to a slightly accelerated proteolytic process. Nonetheless, low-salt and conventional cheeses shared similar sensory profiles at both ripening times.
盐水浸泡是帕尔马干酪生产过程中最重要的步骤之一，因为它决定了最终产品中的盐分含量。降低帕尔马干酪中的盐分对于改善其营养成分可能很重要，但这可能会通过改变蛋白质水解过程进而影响产品质量，从而对制造工艺产生影响。在本研究中，首次在工业层面上对当地一家乳制品厂生产的真实奶酪样本进行了减盐探索。具体而言，制作了20个奶酪轮，其中10个采用传统腌制步骤（18天），另外10个采用较短腌制步骤（12天）。在每个组中，对奶酪轮在15个月和30个月这两个不同的成熟时间进行了研究。较短的腌制时间使盐分含量平均降低了12%。通过液相色谱 - 质谱联用仪（LC-MS）对所有样品的游离氨基酸和肽进行了全面表征。正如预期的那样，由于蛋白质水解，游离氨基酸和肽的含量随着成熟时间的增加而增加，与标准样品相比，低盐含量的样品显示出略有更快的增加，这表明蛋白质水解过程略有加速。尽管如此，低盐奶酪和传统奶酪在两个成熟时间的感官特征相似。
