Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport, Beijing Jiaotong University, 3 Shangyuancun, Haidian District, Beijing 100044, China.
Department of Civil & Mineral Engineering, University of Toronto, 35 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A4, Canada.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Apr 7;18(8):3877. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18083877.
Vehicle loads have significant impacts on the emissions of heavy-duty trucks, even in the same traffic conditions. Few studies exist covering the differences in emissions of diesel semi-trailer towing trucks (DSTTTs) with different loads, although these vehicles have a wide load range. In this context, the operating modes and emission rates of DSTTTs were analyzed under varying loads scenarios to understand the effect of vehicle loads on emission factors. First, second-by-second field speed data and emission data of DSTTTs with different loads were collected. Then, the methods for calculating the scaled tractive power (STP) and the emissions model for DSTTTs were proposed to evaluate the effect of different loading scenarios. The STP distributions, emission rate distributions, and emission factor characteristics of different loaded trucks were analyzed and compared. The results indicated that the STP distributions of DSTTTs that under the unloaded state were more narrow than those under fully loaded or overloaded conditions. The emission rates of carbon dioxide (CO), carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbon (THC) for DSTTTs under a fully loaded state were significantly higher than those under an unloaded state. However, due to the influence of exhaust temperature, the emission rates of nitrogen oxides (NO) among fully loaded trucks were lower than those under the unloaded state when STP bin was above 4 kW/ton. The emission factors of CO, CO, THC, and NO for fully loaded trucks demonstrated the largest increases at low-speed intervals (0-30 km/h), which rose by 96.2%, 47.9%, 27.8%, and 65.2%, respectively.
车辆负荷对重型卡车的排放有重大影响，即使在相同的交通条件下也是如此。虽然这些车辆的载重量范围很广，但很少有研究涵盖不同负荷下柴油半挂车牵引车（DSTTT）的排放差异。在这种情况下，分析了不同负荷情况下 DSTTT 的运行模式和排放率，以了解车辆负荷对排放因子的影响。首先，收集了不同负荷下 DSTTT 的逐秒现场速度数据和排放数据。然后，提出了计算比例牵引功率（STP）和 DSTTT 排放模型的方法，以评估不同装载情况的影响。分析和比较了不同装载卡车的 STP 分布、排放率分布和排放因子特性。结果表明，空载状态下 DSTTT 的 STP 分布比满载或超载状态下的分布更窄。满载状态下 DSTTT 的二氧化碳（CO）、一氧化碳（CO）和总碳氢化合物（THC）排放率明显高于空载状态。然而，由于排气温度的影响，当 STP 箱高于 4kW/吨时，满载卡车的氮氧化物（NO）排放率低于空载状态。满载卡车的 CO、CO、THC 和 NO 的排放因子在低速区间（0-30km/h）表现出最大的增加，分别增加了 96.2%、47.9%、27.8%和 65.2%。
