Huang Cheng, Chen Chang-Hong, Jing Qi-Guo, Pan Han-Sheng, Wang Hai-Kun, Li Li, Huang Hai-Ying, Zhao Jing, Dai Yi, Wang Shao-Jun, Lin Hong-Yi, Barth Matthew, Nikkila Richard
Shanghai Academy of Environmental Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China.
Huan Jing Ke Xue. 2006 Nov;27(11):2303-8.
Real world vehicle emission tests were conducted on two heavy-duty diesel trucks on un-loaded and loaded condition by using a portable emission measurement system. By analysis, the results indicate high fuel consumption and emission rates are concentrated on the high speed and acceleration areas of the speed-acceleration emission maps and the areas are much wider on loaded condition. The impact of load on fuel use and emissions will be highest while the vehicle is cruising or accelerating on (30 +/- 2.5) km x h(-1), which are 1.6 - 3.2 times of those on un-loaded condition. Synthetically, the comprehensive fuel consumption and CO, HC, NO(x) emission factors of truck I and truck II on loaded condition are respectively 1.6, 3.5, 1.1, 1.5 times and 1.2, 1.0, 0.9, 1.5 times of those without load. Load has greatest impact on fuel consumption and NO(x) emission and less effect on HC emission. As for the CO emission, it depends on the maintenance of the truck. It can be figured out from the results on two trucks that the impact of same load will be lower on a vehicle with lager type and more powerful engine, which means if one vehicle is loaded on its acceptable range of GVWR, fuel use and emissions caused by heavy loads could be decreased correspondingly.
使用便携式排放测量系统，在空载和满载条件下对两辆重型柴油卡车进行了实际道路车辆排放测试。通过分析，结果表明，高油耗和排放率集中在速度-加速度排放图的高速和加速区域，且满载条件下这些区域更宽。当车辆在（30±2.5）km·h⁻¹ 巡航或加速时，负载对燃料使用和排放的影响最大，是空载条件下的1.6 - 3.2倍。综合来看，卡车I和卡车II在满载条件下的综合油耗以及CO、HC、NOₓ排放因子分别是空载时的1.6倍、3.5倍、1.1倍、1.5倍和1.2倍、1.0倍、0.9倍、1.5倍。负载对油耗和NOₓ排放影响最大，对HC排放影响较小。至于CO排放，这取决于卡车的保养情况。从两辆卡车的测试结果可以看出，相同负载对车型较大、发动机功率更强的车辆影响较小，这意味着如果车辆在其允许的总重范围内装载，重载引起的燃料使用和排放可相应减少。
