Alhawari Adam R H, Majeed Sama F, Saeidi Tale, Mumtaz Sajid, Alghamdi Hisham, Hindi Ayman Taher, Almawgani Abdulkarem H M, Imran Muhammad Ali, Abbasi Qammer H
Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Najran University, Najran 55461, Saudi Arabia.
Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia.
Micromachines (Basel). 2021 Apr 7;12(4):411. doi: 10.3390/mi12040411.
The increasing needs of free licensed frequency bands like Industrial, Scientific, and Medical (ISM), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN), and 5G for underwater communications required more bandwidth (BW) with higher data transferring rate. Microwaves produce a higher transferring rate of data, and their associated devices are smaller in comparison with sonar and ultrasonic. Thus, transceivers should have broad BW to cover more of a frequency band, especially from ultra-wideband (UWB) systems, which show potential outcomes. However, previous designs of similar work for underwater communications were very complicated, uneasy to fabricate, and large. Therefore, to overcome these shortcomings, a novel compact elliptical UWB antenna is designed to resonate from 1.3 to 7.2 GHz. It is invented from a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer with a dielectric constant of 2.55 mm and a thickness of 0.8 mm. The proposed antenna shows higher gain and radiation efficiency and stability throughout the working band when compared to recent similarly reported designs, even at a smaller size. The characteristics of the functioning antenna are investigated through fluid mediums of fresh-water, seawater, distilled water, and Debye model water. Later, its channel capacity, bit rate error, and data rate are evaluated. The results demonstrated that the antenna offers compact, easier fabrication with better UWB characteristics for underwater 5G communications.
工业、科学和医疗（ISM）、无线局域网（WLAN）以及5G等免许可频段对水下通信的需求不断增加，这就要求在更高的数据传输速率下具备更大的带宽（BW）。微波的数据传输速率更高，并且与声纳和超声波相比，其相关设备体积更小。因此，收发器应具有宽带宽以覆盖更多频段，特别是来自超宽带（UWB）系统，其显示出潜在的成果。然而，以往用于水下通信的类似工作设计非常复杂，制造困难且体积庞大。因此，为克服这些缺点，设计了一种新型紧凑型椭圆超宽带天线，其谐振频率为1.3至7.2GHz。它由介电常数为2.55mm、厚度为0.8mm的聚四氟乙烯（PTFE）层制成。与最近报道的类似设计相比，所提出的天线在整个工作频段内具有更高的增益、辐射效率和稳定性，甚至尺寸更小。通过淡水、海水、蒸馏水和德拜模型水等流体介质研究了该功能天线的特性。随后，评估了其信道容量、误码率和数据速率。结果表明，该天线结构紧凑、易于制造，具有更好的超宽带特性，适用于水下5G通信。
