Siddiq Abu B, Onar Vedat, Mutuş Rıfat, Poradowski Dominik
Department of Anthropology, Mardin Artuklu University, Mardin 47200, Turkey.
Osteoarchaeology Practice and Research Centre and Department of Anatomy, Istanbul University-Cerrahpaşa, Istanbul 34320, Turkey.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Apr 18;11(4):1163. doi: 10.3390/ani11041163.
To date, little is known about the biological and cultural status of Iron Age dogs in Anatolia. Here, we present a zooarchaeological study of an assemblage of 143 Iron Age dog bones, including two dog skeletons, unearthed from the 2016 and 2017 salvage excavations at Alaybeyi Höyük, Eastern Anatolia. At least eight adults and one juvenile individual, along with a large number of miscellaneous specimens, were identified. The morphological status of the Alaybeyi dogs were primarily compared to previously published Iron Age dogs from Yoncatepe in Eastern Anatolia, and with the average mean of 18 modern dog breeds. Unlike in other Eastern Anatolian Iron Age sites, butcher marks were observed in some specimens, indicating at least occasional cynophagy at the site. Noticeable pathologies were found in about 5% of the sample, particularly pathologies of the oral cavity and dentitions, suggesting that some of the dogs at Alaybeyi Höyük might have been undernourished, had to live on solid food, and probably injured by humans. The results of this study reflect both the morphological and biological status of Alaybeyi dogs, as well as the Alaybeyi people's attitudes toward dogs, adding vital information to the very limited archaeological knowledge of dogs in Anatolia.
迄今为止，对于安纳托利亚铁器时代狗的生物学和文化状况知之甚少。在此，我们展示了一项动物考古学研究，该研究涉及从东安纳托利亚阿拉贝伊霍伊克2016年和2017年抢救性发掘中出土的143块铁器时代狗骨的组合，其中包括两具狗骨架。已鉴定出至少八只成年个体和一只幼年个体，以及大量其他标本。阿拉贝伊狗的形态状况主要与之前发表的东安纳托利亚扬卡特佩铁器时代狗以及18个现代犬种的平均均值进行了比较。与东安纳托利亚其他铁器时代遗址不同的是，在一些标本上观察到了屠宰痕迹，这表明该遗址至少偶尔存在食狗肉的现象。在约5%的样本中发现了明显的病变，尤其是口腔和牙齿的病变，这表明阿拉贝伊霍伊克的一些狗可能营养不良，不得不以固体食物为生，并且可能受到了人类的伤害。这项研究的结果反映了阿拉贝伊狗的形态和生物学状况，以及阿拉贝伊人与狗的关系，为安纳托利亚极为有限的狗的考古知识增添了重要信息。
