Karaffová Viera, Mudroňová Dagmar, Mad'ar Marián, Hrčková Gabriela, Faixová Dominika, Gancarčíková Soňa, Ševčíková Zuzana, Nemcová Radomíra
Department of Morphological Disciplines, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia.
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy, Komenského 73, 04181 Košice, Slovakia.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 14;9(4):831. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040831.
The health benefits of kefir consumption have been well-known for hundreds of years. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of kefir milk and the probiotic strain Ž2 isolated from kefir grains on the immune response and selected parameters of the lipid and liver enzymatic profiles of mice. Mice fed with kefir milk showed significantly increased phagocytic activity and percentages of B cells in the blood and increased gene expression for mucins and percentages of CD8+ lymphocytes in the gut. By applying kefir, we achieved a significant reduction in serum LDL cholesterol and an LDL/HDL ratio that favored an increase in HDL cholesterol. Regarding the hepatic enzymes, in particular a significant reduction in ALT activity was observed. Ž2 alone stimulated the immune response more markedly compared with kefir milk. Regarding the systemic level, we observed increases in the proportion of all T cells (CD3), CD4 lymphocytes and the ratio of CD4+:CD8+ cells, and regarding the local intestinal level we noted a significant increase in gene expression for mucins (MUC-1 and MUC-2) and IgA. Moreover, we confirmed the formation of a biofilm on the surface of the forestomach only after the application of Ž2 alone, but not after kefir administration. The results confirmed the hypothesis that the final effect of the probiotic does not correspond with the effect of the individual strain but is the result of mutual interactions of the microorganisms presented in a preparation, and therefore in the case of multi-strain probiotics, in vivo testing of the complex preparation is necessary.
饮用开菲尔的健康益处已为人所知数百年。本研究的目的是调查开菲尔乳以及从开菲尔粒中分离出的益生菌菌株Ž2对小鼠免疫反应以及脂质和肝脏酶谱选定参数的影响。喂食开菲尔乳的小鼠血液中吞噬活性和B细胞百分比显著增加，肠道中粘蛋白的基因表达和CD8 +淋巴细胞百分比增加。通过应用开菲尔，我们实现了血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和低密度脂蛋白/高密度脂蛋白比率的显著降低，这有利于高密度脂蛋白胆固醇的增加。关于肝酶，特别是观察到谷丙转氨酶（ALT）活性显著降低。与开菲尔乳相比，单独的Ž2对免疫反应的刺激更明显。在全身水平上，我们观察到所有T细胞（CD3）、CD4淋巴细胞的比例以及CD4 +:CD8 +细胞比率增加，在局部肠道水平上，我们注意到粘蛋白（MUC - 1和MUC - 2）和IgA的基因表达显著增加。此外，我们仅在单独应用Ž2后，而非给予开菲尔后，才证实了前胃表面生物膜的形成。结果证实了这一假设，即益生菌的最终效果与单个菌株的效果并不对应，而是制剂中微生物相互作用的结果，因此对于多菌株益生菌，对复合制剂进行体内测试是必要的。
