Brillo Valentina, Chieregato Leonardo, Leanza Luigi, Muccioli Silvia, Costa Roberto
Department of Biology, University of Padova, 35121 Padova, Italy.
Life (Basel). 2021 Apr 10;11(4):332. doi: 10.3390/life11040332.
Mitochondria are key intracellular organelles involved not only in the metabolic state of the cell, but also in several cellular functions, such as proliferation, Calcium signaling, and lipid trafficking. Indeed, these organelles are characterized by continuous events of fission and fusion which contribute to the dynamic plasticity of their network, also strongly influenced by mitochondrial contacts with other subcellular organelles. Nevertheless, mitochondria release a major amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) inside eukaryotic cells, which are reported to mediate a plethora of both physiological and pathological cellular functions, such as growth and proliferation, regulation of autophagy, apoptosis, and metastasis. Therefore, targeting mitochondrial ROS could be a promising strategy to overcome and hinder the development of diseases such as cancer, where malignant cells, possessing a higher amount of ROS with respect to healthy ones, could be specifically targeted by therapeutic treatments. In this review, we collected the ultimate findings on the blended interplay among mitochondrial shaping, mitochondrial ROS, and several signaling pathways, in order to contribute to the dissection of intracellular molecular mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of eukaryotic cells, possibly improving future therapeutic approaches.
线粒体是关键的细胞内细胞器，不仅参与细胞的代谢状态，还涉及多种细胞功能，如增殖、钙信号传导和脂质运输。实际上，这些细胞器的特点是不断发生裂变和融合事件，这有助于其网络的动态可塑性，同时也受到线粒体与其他亚细胞器接触的强烈影响。然而，线粒体在真核细胞内释放大量活性氧（ROS），据报道，这些活性氧介导了大量生理和病理细胞功能，如生长和增殖、自噬调节、凋亡和转移。因此，靶向线粒体ROS可能是一种有前景的策略，以克服和阻碍癌症等疾病的发展，在癌症中，恶性细胞相对于健康细胞具有更多的ROS，可能会被治疗方法特异性靶向。在这篇综述中，我们收集了关于线粒体形态塑造、线粒体ROS和几种信号通路之间复杂相互作用的最新研究结果，以便有助于剖析真核细胞病理生理学中涉及的细胞内分子机制，可能改善未来的治疗方法。
