Clinic of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Duisburg-Essen, University Hospital, 45147 Essen, Germany.
Hochschule Niederrhein, Faculty of Food, University of Applied Science, Nutrition and Hospitality Science, 47805 Krefeld, Germany.
Nutrients. 2021 Apr 17;13(4):1328. doi: 10.3390/nu13041328.
Unhealthy eating is associated with various diseases, such as cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, or oncological. There are neither economical nor behavior-related questionnaires available in the German language to assess general dietary behavior. Therefore, the aim of this validation study was to develop an instrument considering these aspects and verifying its construct and criterion validity. The new questionnaire is based on the general nutrition recommendations of the World Health Organization and the German Nutrition Society. It consists of 16 items that contrast dietary behaviors on a semantic differential scale. Our German-speaking convenience sample consisted of 428 participants. The construct validity of the General Dietary Behavior Inventory (GDBI) could be confirmed by examining convergent and discriminant validity. Furthermore, criterion validity was confirmed (significant negative correlations with body weight, Body Mass Index, and positive correlations with physical/mental health as well as life satisfaction). A cluster analysis revealed two different dietary behavior clusters representing a rather healthy and a rather unhealthy dietary behavior cluster. The results indicate that the GDBI is a validated and economical instrument to assess general dietary behavior. In practical research, this questionnaire helps to assess dietary behavior and to derive interventions for a healthy dietary behavior in concordance with international nutrition recommendations.
不健康的饮食与各种疾病有关，如心血管、神经退行性或肿瘤疾病。在德语中，没有既经济又与行为相关的问卷来评估一般的饮食行为。因此，本验证研究的目的是开发一种考虑到这些方面并验证其结构和标准有效性的工具。新问卷基于世界卫生组织和德国营养学会的一般营养建议。它由 16 个项目组成，在语义差异量表上对比饮食行为。我们的德语便利样本由 428 名参与者组成。通过检验收敛效度和判别效度，确认了一般饮食行为量表（GDBI）的结构效度。此外，还确认了标准效度（与体重、体重指数呈显著负相关，与身心健康和生活满意度呈正相关）。聚类分析显示了两种不同的饮食行为群，代表了一种相当健康和一种相当不健康的饮食行为群。结果表明，GDBI 是一种经过验证且经济的工具，可用于评估一般饮食行为。在实际研究中，该问卷有助于评估饮食行为，并根据国际营养建议得出健康饮食行为的干预措施。
