Department of Animal Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
Division of Animal and Nutritional Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2021 Apr 17;13(4):283. doi: 10.3390/toxins13040283.
Aflatoxins are poisonous carcinogens produced by fungi, mainly and . Aflatoxins can contaminate a variety of livestock feeds and cause enormous economic losses, estimated at between US$52.1 and US$1.68 billion annually for the U.S. corn industry alone. In addition, aflatoxin can be transferred from the diet to the milk of cows as aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), posing a significant human health hazard. In dairy cows, sheep and goats, chronic exposure to dietary aflatoxin can reduce milk production, impair reproduction and liver function, compromise immune function, and increase susceptibility to diseases; hence, strategies to lower aflatoxin contamination of feeds and to prevent or reduce the transfer of the toxin to milk are required for safeguarding animal and human health and improving the safety of dairy products and profitability of the dairy industry. This article provides an overview of the toxicity of aflatoxin to ruminant livestock, its occurrence in livestock feeds, and the effectiveness of different strategies for preventing and mitigating aflatoxin contamination of feeds.
黄曲霉毒素是真菌产生的有毒致癌物质，主要由 和 产生。黄曲霉毒素可以污染各种牲畜饲料，给美国玉米产业造成每年 52.1 亿至 16.8 亿美元的巨大经济损失。此外，黄曲霉毒素可以从饮食转移到奶牛的奶中，形成黄曲霉 M1（AFM1），对人类健康构成重大威胁。在奶牛、绵羊和山羊中，慢性摄入饮食中的黄曲霉毒素会降低产奶量、损害繁殖和肝功能、损害免疫功能，并增加患病的易感性；因此，需要采取降低饲料黄曲霉毒素污染的策略，并防止或减少毒素向奶中的转移，以保障动物和人类的健康，提高乳制品的安全性和乳业的盈利能力。本文概述了黄曲霉毒素对反刍家畜的毒性、其在牲畜饲料中的存在情况，以及不同策略预防和减轻饲料黄曲霉毒素污染的有效性。
