Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Science-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Department of Physiological Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
Cells. 2021 Apr 17;10(4):936. doi: 10.3390/cells10040936.
Clenbuterol, the β2-adrenoceptor agonist, is gaining growing popularity because of its effects on weight loss (i.e., chemical liposuction). It is also popular in bodybuilding and professional sports, due to its effects that are similar to anabolic steroids. However, it is prohibited by anti-doping control. On the other hand, it is suggested that clenbuterol can inhibit the inflammatory process. The cells from 14 untrained and 14 well-trained race horses were collected after acute exercise and cultured with clenbuterol. The expressions of CD4, CD8, FoxP3, CD14, MHCII, and CD5 in PBMC, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, as well as cell proliferation, were evaluated by flow cytometry. In addition, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, INF-γ and TNF-α concentrations were evaluated by ELISA. β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to enhanced anti-inflammatory properties in well-trained horses, as do low doses in untrained animals. In contrast, higher clenbuterol doses create a pro-inflammatory environment in inexperienced horses. In conclusion, β2-adrenoceptor stimulation leads to a biphasic response. In addition, the immune cells are more sensitive to drug abuse in inexperienced individuals under physical training.
克仑特罗，β2-肾上腺素能受体激动剂，因其在减肥（即化学抽脂）方面的效果而越来越受欢迎。由于其类似于合成代谢类固醇的作用，它在健美和职业运动中也很流行。然而，它被反兴奋剂控制所禁止。另一方面，有研究表明，克仑特罗可以抑制炎症过程。在急性运动后收集了 14 名未经训练和 14 名训练有素的赛马的细胞，并在 PBMC 中培养了克仑特罗。通过流式细胞术评估了 CD4、CD8、FoxP3、CD14、MHCII 和 CD5 的表达以及活性氧 (ROS) 产生和细胞增殖。此外，通过 ELISA 评估了 IL-1β、IL-4、IL-6、IL-10、IL-17、INF-γ 和 TNF-α 的浓度。β2-肾上腺素能受体刺激可增强训练有素马匹的抗炎特性，低剂量也可增强未经训练动物的抗炎特性。相反，较高剂量的克仑特罗会在未经训练的马匹中产生促炎环境。总之，β2-肾上腺素能受体刺激会产生双相反应。此外，在进行身体训练的情况下，免疫细胞对药物滥用在未经训练的个体中更为敏感。
