Classification of of the (Para-)Typhoid Fever Group by Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy.

Typhoidal and para-typhoidal are major causes of bacteraemia in resource-limited countries. Diagnostic alternatives to laborious and resource-demanding serotyping are essential. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIRS) is a rapidly developing and simple bacterial typing technology. In this study, we assessed the discriminatory power of the FTIRS-based IR Biotyper (Bruker Daltonik GmbH, Bremen, Germany), for the rapid and reliable identification of biochemically confirmed typhoid and paratyphoid fever-associated isolates. In total, 359 isolates, comprising 30 . Typhi, 23 . Paratyphi A, 23 . Paratyphi B, and 7 . Paratyphi C, respectively and other phylogenetically closely related serovars belonging to the serogroups O:2, O:4, O:7 and O:9 were tested. The strains were derived from clinical, environmental and food samples collected at different European sites. Applying artificial neural networks, specific automated classifiers were built to discriminate typhoidal serovars from non-typhoidal serovars within each of the four serogroups. The accuracy of the classifiers was 99.9%, 87.0%, 99.5% and 99.0% for Typhi, Paratyphi A, B and Paratyphi C, respectively. The IR Biotyper is a promising tool for fast and reliable detection of typhoidal . Hence, IR biotyping may serve as a suitable alternative to conventional approaches for surveillance and diagnostic purposes.