Yurimoto Hiroya, Shiraishi Kosuke, Sakai Yasuyoshi
Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Microorganisms. 2021 Apr 12;9(4):809. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms9040809.
Methanol is abundant in the phyllosphere, the surface of the above-ground parts of plants, and its concentration oscillates diurnally. The phyllosphere is one of the major habitats for a group of microorganisms, the so-called methylotrophs, that utilize one-carbon (C1) compounds, such as methanol and methane, as their sole source of carbon and energy. Among phyllospheric microorganisms, methanol-utilizing methylotrophic bacteria, known as pink-pigmented facultative methylotrophs (PPFMs), are the dominant colonizers of the phyllosphere, and some of them have recently been shown to have the ability to promote plant growth and increase crop yield. In addition to PPFMs, methanol-utilizing yeasts can proliferate and survive in the phyllosphere by using unique molecular and cellular mechanisms to adapt to the stressful phyllosphere environment. This review describes our current understanding of the physiology of methylotrophic bacteria and yeasts living in the phyllosphere where they are exposed to diurnal cycles of environmental conditions.
甲醇在植物地上部分表面的叶际中含量丰富，其浓度呈昼夜波动。叶际是一类微生物（即所谓的甲基营养菌）的主要栖息地之一，这些微生物利用一碳（C1）化合物，如甲醇和甲烷，作为其唯一的碳源和能源。在叶际微生物中，利用甲醇的甲基营养细菌，即所谓的粉红色兼性甲基营养菌（PPFM），是叶际的主要定殖者，最近有研究表明其中一些具有促进植物生长和提高作物产量的能力。除了PPFM，利用甲醇的酵母可以通过独特的分子和细胞机制适应叶际压力环境，从而在叶际中增殖和存活。本综述描述了我们目前对生活在叶际中的甲基营养细菌和酵母生理学的理解，在叶际中它们会受到环境条件的昼夜循环影响。
