School of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, 7 York Road, Parktown, Johannesburg 2193, South Africa.
Int J Mol Sci. 2021 Apr 16;22(8):4153. doi: 10.3390/ijms22084153.
Thromboembolic complications are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. Cancer patients often present with an increased risk for thrombosis including hypercoagulation, so the application of antiplatelet strategies to oncology warrants further investigation. This study investigated the effects of anastrozole and antiplatelet therapy (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail or atopaxar) treatment on the tumour responses of luminal phenotype breast cancer cells and induced hypercoagulation. Ethical clearance was obtained (M150263). Blood was co-cultured with breast cancer cell lines (MCF7 and T47D) pre-treated with anastrozole and/or antiplatelet drugs for 24 h. Hypercoagulation was indicated by thrombin production and platelet activation (morphological and molecular). Gene expression associated with the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was assessed in breast cancer cells, and secreted cytokines associated with tumour progression were evaluated. Data were analysed with the PAST3 software. Our findings showed that antiplatelet therapies (aspirin/clopidogrel cocktail and atopaxar) combined with anastrozole failed to prevent hypercoagulation and induced evidence of a partial EMT. Differences in tumour responses that modulate tumour aggression were noted between breast cancer cell lines, and this may be an important consideration in the clinical management of subphenotypes of luminal phenotype breast cancer. Further investigation is needed before this treatment modality (combined hormone and antiplatelet therapy) can be considered for managing tumour associated-thromboembolic disorder.
血栓栓塞并发症是癌症患者发病率和死亡率的主要原因。癌症患者往往存在血栓形成的风险增加,包括高凝状态,因此抗血小板策略在肿瘤学中的应用需要进一步研究。本研究探讨了阿那曲唑和抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林/氯吡格雷鸡尾酒或 atopaxar)对腔型乳腺癌细胞肿瘤反应和诱导的高凝状态的影响。已获得伦理批准(M150263)。将血液与预先用阿那曲唑和/或抗血小板药物处理 24 小时的乳腺癌细胞系(MCF7 和 T47D)共同培养。凝血酶产生和血小板激活(形态和分子)表明存在高凝状态。评估了与上皮间质转化(EMT)相关的乳腺癌细胞中的基因表达,并评估了与肿瘤进展相关的分泌细胞因子。数据使用 PAST3 软件进行分析。我们的研究结果表明,抗血小板治疗(阿司匹林/氯吡格雷鸡尾酒和 atopaxar)联合阿那曲唑未能预防高凝状态,并诱导了部分 EMT 的证据。不同的乳腺癌细胞系之间存在肿瘤反应的差异,这可能是管理腔型乳腺癌亚表型的临床管理中的一个重要考虑因素。在考虑这种治疗模式(联合激素和抗血小板治疗)来管理与肿瘤相关的血栓栓塞疾病之前,还需要进一步的研究。