Khalfaoui Ayoub, Noumi Emira, Belaabed Soumia, Aouadi Kaïss, Lamjed Bouslama, Adnan Mohd, Defant Andrea, Kadri Adel, Snoussi Mejdi, Khan Mushtaq Ahmad, Mancini Ines
Research Unit, Development of Natural Resources, Bioactive Molecules, Physicochemical and Biological Analysis (VARENBIOMOL), Department of Chemistry, University Mentouri Constantine, Route Ain ElBey, Constantine 25000, Algeria.
Department of Biology, College of Science, Hail University, P.O. Box 2440, Ha'il 81451, Saudi Arabia.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Apr 20;10(4):628. doi: 10.3390/antiox10040628.
Cav. () is a medicinal plant with a long history of traditional use to treat ailments. In this study, total phenolic and flavonoid content evaluation using LC-ESI/MS analysis and various biological activities (antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral and cytotoxicity) of organic extracts from the aerial parts of were analyzed. ADME tools were used to predict the potential of the identified compounds from the most potent extract as specific drugs. As shown, LC-ESI/MS results of chloroformic extract allowed the tentative identification of 12 compounds. Chloroformic extract was rich in polyphenols and flavonoids and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity given by DPPH (IC = 25 µg/mL) as compared to the BHT standard (11.5 µg/mL) and β-carotene bleaching assays (IC = 95.692 µg/mL). Antibacterial activity results showed that chloroformic extract has a highest activity against Gram-positive and -negative bacteria, especially against Typhimurium DT104 (IZ = 19.3 mm, MIC = 18.75 mg/mL, MBC = 37.5 mg/mL). The MBC/MIC ratio was evaluated to interpret the activity that was bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Conversely, weaker antifungal activity was registered, and no antiviral activity was observed for all extracts against Herpes Simplex Virus type 2 and Coxsakievirus B-3 viruses. Cytotoxic activity on VERO cell line results revealed that butanol extract was not toxic, with CC value of 1430 µg/mL, while chloroformic extract showed moderate cytotoxicity. Additionally, in silico studies performed proved promising pharmacokinetic and drug-likeness properties of the main compounds from the chloroformic extract. Taken together, this work highlights the potent bioactivity and acceptable drug-likeness of this plant, which supports its further preclinical development.
Cav.（）是一种有着悠久传统药用历史的植物，可用于治疗各种疾病。在本研究中，使用LC-ESI/MS分析对其地上部分有机提取物的总酚和黄酮含量进行了评估，并分析了各种生物活性（抗氧化、抗菌、抗真菌、抗病毒和细胞毒性）。使用ADME工具预测了最有效提取物中已鉴定化合物作为特定药物的潜力。结果表明，氯仿提取物的LC-ESI/MS结果初步鉴定出12种化合物。氯仿提取物富含多酚和黄酮类化合物，与BHT标准品（11.5μg/mL）和β-胡萝卜素漂白试验（IC = 95.692μg/mL）相比，其DPPH抗氧化活性最高（IC = 25μg/mL）。抗菌活性结果表明，氯仿提取物对革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌具有最高活性，尤其是对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌DT104（IZ = 19.3 mm，MIC = 18.75 mg/mL，MBC = 37.5 mg/mL）。评估MBC/MIC比值以解释其抑菌而非杀菌活性。相反，抗真菌活性较弱，所有提取物对2型单纯疱疹病毒和柯萨奇病毒B-3均未观察到抗病毒活性。对VERO细胞系的细胞毒性活性结果显示，丁醇提取物无毒，CC值为1430μg/mL，而氯仿提取物表现出中等细胞毒性。此外，进行的计算机模拟研究证明了氯仿提取物中主要化合物具有良好的药代动力学和类药性质。综上所述，这项工作突出了该植物强大的生物活性和可接受的类药性质，支持其进一步的临床前开发。
